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Mirror & Water Images

AFCAT · Logical Reasoning

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Core Concept

Read this first — the foundation of the topic

→CORE CONCEPT

Mirror Image: When you place a vertical mirror on the right side of an object, you get its mirror image. The image appears reversed horizontally

→Water Image

When an object is reflected in water below it, you get its water image. The image appears flipped vertically

💡KEY RULES

Mirror Image Rules: - Left becomes right, right becomes left - Top and bottom positions remain same - Curves change direction (C becomes reversed C) - Numbers: 3 becomes reversed 3, 7 becomes reversed 7 Water Image Rules: - Top becomes bottom, bottom becomes top - Left and right positions remain same - Curves flip vertically (smile becomes frown) - Letters like M become W, p becomes d FORMULA BLOCKS: Mirror Image: Horizontal flip (left-right reversal) Water Image: Vertical flip (top-bottom reversal) Combined: Both horizontal and vertical flip

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Exam Patterns

What examiners ask — read before attempting PYQs

📋SSC CGL typically asks

1

Write letters in reverse order: M-A-X-E

2

Reverse each letter individually: - E becomes reversed E - X remains X (symmetrical) - A becomes reversed A - M becomes reversed M

3

Final answer: Reversed M, Reversed A, X, Reversed E WORKED EXAMPLE 2: Question: Find water image of triangle with base at bottom

1

Identify the orientation (base at bottom)

2

Flip vertically - base moves to top

3

All other features flip accordingly

4

Answer: Triangle with base at top SHORTCUT TRICK #2 - SYMMETRICAL LETTERS: Symmetrical letters need no change: - Horizontally symmetrical: A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y - Vertically symmetrical: B, C, D, H, I, O - Use this to eliminate wrong options quickly SHORTCUT TRICK #3 - DIRECTION ARROWS: For arrows in mirror/water images: - Mirror: Left arrow becomes right arrow - Water: Up arrow becomes down arrow - Combined: Diagonal arrows flip completely COMMON MISTAKE #1: Students confuse mirror and water images

💡Remember

- Mirror = Side mirror of car (horizontal flip) - Water = Lake reflection (vertical flip) Many students apply wrong transformation and lose easy marks

💡ADVANCED TIP

For complex shapes, focus on one distinctive feature (like a small circle or line). Track how this feature moves in the transformation. This saves time and reduces confusion

→PRACTICE STRATEGY

Solve 10 questions daily. Start with simple letters, then move to numbers, shapes, and finally complex figures. Time yourself - aim for 30 seconds per question.

🔑 Key Points

Mirror image flips horizontally (left becomes right, right becomes left)
Water image flips vertically (top becomes bottom, bottom becomes top)
Clock mirror formula: 12:00 - Given time = Mirror time
Symmetrical letters remain unchanged in their respective transformations
Combined images require both horizontal and vertical flips
Direction arrows flip according to transformation type
Focus on distinctive features to track movement quickly
Letters like b become d in water image, p becomes q in mirror
Numbers 6 and 9 commonly interchange in water images
Practice identifying transformation type before attempting solution

📌 Exam Facts

Mirror images show horizontal reversal with vertical positions unchanged
Water images show vertical reversal with horizontal positions unchanged
Clock showing 3:00 has mirror image showing 9:00
Letter 'R' becomes backwards 'R' in mirror image
Letter 'p' becomes 'q' in mirror and 'd' in water image
Number '2' becomes backwards '2' in mirror image
Triangle pointing up becomes triangle pointing down in water image
Combined mirror-water image produces 180-degree rotation effect

🚀 60-Second Revision

Remember: Mirror = horizontal flip, Water = vertical flip
Formula: Clock mirror time = 12:00 - given time
Trap: Don't confuse mirror and water transformations
Quick check: Identify symmetrical letters to save time
Focus: Track one distinctive feature for complex shapes
Speed tip: Eliminate options using symmetry rules
Common error: Applying wrong flip direction loses marks

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