CTET Paper II Factual RC

India's Green Revolution, launched in the 1960s, transformed agricultural productivity through the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, synthetic fertilisers, and modern irrigation techniques. This movement, primarily led by agricultural scientist M.S. Swaminathan, enabled India to achieve food self-sufficiency and shift from being a food-importing nation to a food-exporting one. However, the intensive farming practices also led to soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and environmental concerns in certain regions. Today, sustainable farming methods are being promoted to balance productivity with ecological preservation. Question: What was the primary outcome of India's Green Revolution in the 1960s?

The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, transformed Indian agriculture through the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties and modern farming techniques. Farmers adopted new seeds, fertilisers, and irrigation methods that significantly increased crop production. This agricultural boom helped India achieve food security and reduced dependence on food imports. However, the Green Revolution also led to environmental concerns, including soil degradation and excessive water usage. Despite these challenges, the movement is credited with preventing widespread famine in the country. Question: What was the primary outcome of the Green Revolution in India?

India's textile industry is one of the oldest and largest in the world, employing millions of workers across spinning, weaving, and garment manufacturing. The industry contributes significantly to India's export earnings and GDP. However, traditional textile production methods remain labour-intensive, with many workers operating in informal sectors with limited safety regulations. Recent government initiatives have aimed to modernise the industry through technological upgrades and skill development programmes. These efforts seek to improve working conditions whilst maintaining India's competitive advantage in global textile markets. Question: What challenge does the passage identify regarding India's traditional textile industry?

Solar energy is increasingly becoming a preferred source of renewable power in India. Unlike fossil fuels, solar panels generate electricity without producing harmful emissions. A single solar panel can generate enough electricity to power a household for several years. The Indian government has launched ambitious schemes to promote solar energy adoption in rural and urban areas. This shift towards solar energy is expected to reduce India's carbon footprint and create thousands of new jobs in the renewable energy sector. Question: Why is solar energy considered preferable to fossil fuels according to the passage?

The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionised the spread of information across Europe. Before this innovation, books were painstakingly copied by hand, making them rare and expensive. The printing press enabled mass production of texts, dramatically reducing costs and increasing accessibility. This technological advancement facilitated the rapid dissemination of ideas, contributing significantly to the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution. Literacy rates improved as more people gained access to affordable books and educational materials. Question: What was the most significant consequence of the printing press invention mentioned in the passage?

Plastic pollution has become a critical environmental challenge affecting oceans, wildlife, and human health. Single-use plastics such as bags, bottles, and packaging materials constitute the majority of ocean waste. Marine animals often mistake plastic debris for food, leading to injury or death. Additionally, microplastics—tiny fragments resulting from plastic degradation—have been found in drinking water and food sources, raising concerns about their impact on human health. Many countries have begun implementing bans on single-use plastics to address this growing crisis. Question: According to the passage, why do marine animals die from plastic pollution?

The Indian Constitution, adopted on 26 January 1950, is the world's longest written constitution. It was drafted by a Constituent Assembly led by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who is often called the 'Architect of the Indian Constitution'. The Constitution establishes India as a sovereign, democratic, and secular republic. It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens and outlines the structure of the government, including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The Constitution has been amended 105 times to address changing social and political needs. Question: Who led the drafting of the Indian Constitution?

The Green Revolution in India, initiated in the 1960s, transformed the country's agricultural sector. It introduced high-yielding crop varieties, modern farming techniques, and improved irrigation systems. These innovations significantly increased food grain production, making India self-sufficient in food. However, the Green Revolution also led to environmental challenges, including soil degradation and excessive use of chemical fertilisers. Despite these drawbacks, the movement is credited with preventing widespread famine and improving food security for millions of Indians. Question: What was one negative consequence of the Green Revolution mentioned in the passage?

Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to global agriculture, affecting crop yields, water availability, and soil health. Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns have disrupted traditional farming calendars in many regions. Developing nations, particularly in Africa and South Asia, face severe food security threats due to their dependence on rain-fed agriculture. International organisations and governments are promoting climate-resilient farming practices, including drought-resistant crop varieties and water conservation techniques. These adaptive strategies aim to help farmers maintain productivity despite changing environmental conditions. Question: Which regions are identified as most vulnerable to climate change impacts on agriculture?

Literacy rates in India have improved significantly over the past two decades. According to recent data, the national literacy rate has increased from 64.8% in 2001 to 74.4% in 2021. However, gender disparities persist, with female literacy at 70.3% compared to male literacy at 78.6%. Rural areas continue to lag behind urban centres in literacy achievement. The government has implemented various schemes, including the Midday Meal Scheme and free textbook distribution, to encourage school enrolment and reduce dropout rates, particularly among girls. Question: Which group has a lower literacy rate according to the passage?

Microfinance institutions in India provide small loans to individuals and small businesses who lack access to traditional banking services. These loans, typically ranging from ₹5,000 to ₹50,000, enable entrepreneurs to start or expand their businesses. Women constitute a significant portion of microfinance borrowers, with over 70% of clients being female. By providing financial inclusion, microfinance has helped lift millions of people out of poverty. However, critics argue that high interest rates sometimes burden borrowers with excessive debt. Question: According to the passage, who are the primary beneficiaries of microfinance in India?

The Indian Railways, established in 1853, is one of the world's largest railway networks. It operates over 7,000 stations and carries millions of passengers daily across the country. The railway system has played a crucial role in connecting remote villages to urban centres, facilitating trade and commerce. Today, Indian Railways remains a vital backbone of the nation's infrastructure, employing over 1.2 million workers and contributing significantly to the economy. Question: According to the passage, what is one major contribution of Indian Railways to the nation?

The Indian Railways, established in 1853, is one of the world's largest railway networks. It operates over 7,300 stations and carries approximately 23 million passengers daily. The railway system has been instrumental in connecting remote villages to urban centres, facilitating trade and commerce across the nation. Today, Indian Railways remains a vital backbone of the country's infrastructure and economy, employing over 1.3 million people. Question: According to the passage, what is one major contribution of Indian Railways to the nation?

The Indian Railways, established in 1853, is one of the world's largest railway networks. It operates over 7,300 stations and carries millions of passengers daily across the country. The railway system has played a crucial role in connecting remote villages to urban centres, facilitating trade and commerce. Today, Indian Railways remains a vital backbone of the nation's transportation infrastructure, employing over 1.2 million people. Question: According to the passage, what is one major role that Indian Railways has played in the country's development?

Solar energy is increasingly becoming a preferred source of renewable power in India. The country receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, making it ideal for solar power generation. In 2022, India's installed solar capacity reached 60 gigawatts, with plans to increase it to 280 gigawatts by 2030. Solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity without producing harmful emissions, making them environmentally friendly. Many states have launched solar subsidy schemes to encourage households to install rooftop solar systems. Question: Why is India considered suitable for solar power generation?

The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, transformed agricultural practices across India. It introduced high-yield crop varieties, modern irrigation techniques, and synthetic fertilisers. These innovations significantly increased food production, making India self-sufficient in grain production by the 1970s. However, the intensive use of chemicals raised concerns about soil degradation and environmental sustainability. Today, agricultural scientists are exploring organic farming methods to balance productivity with ecological health. Question: What was the primary outcome of the Green Revolution in India during the 1970s?

Microfinance institutions provide small loans to individuals and small businesses in developing countries who lack access to traditional banking services. These loans, typically ranging from $25 to $1,000, enable entrepreneurs to start or expand their businesses. Microfinance has lifted millions of people out of poverty by creating opportunities for self-employment and income generation. Women constitute approximately 80% of microfinance borrowers, making this system particularly empowering for female entrepreneurs. The impact of microfinance extends beyond individual borrowers to strengthen entire communities and local economies. Question: According to the passage, what is a key demographic that benefits from microfinance?

The Green Revolution, which began in the 1960s, transformed agricultural practices across India. It introduced high-yield crop varieties, modern irrigation techniques, and chemical fertilisers to increase food production. Within two decades, India shifted from being a food-deficit nation to achieving self-sufficiency in grain production. However, this rapid intensification also led to soil degradation and groundwater depletion in several regions. Today, sustainable farming methods are being promoted to balance productivity with environmental conservation. Question: What was the primary outcome of the Green Revolution in India during its initial phase?

The monsoon season in India typically occurs from June to September and is characterised by heavy rainfall across most regions. This seasonal weather pattern is crucial for agriculture, as it provides the majority of annual precipitation needed for crop cultivation. Farmers depend on monsoon rains to irrigate their fields without requiring expensive artificial irrigation systems. However, excessive rainfall during monsoons can lead to flooding and crop damage in some areas. The timing and intensity of monsoons significantly influence India's agricultural output and economic growth each year. Question: Why is the monsoon season important for Indian agriculture?

The Green Revolution in India, which began in the 1960s, transformed agricultural productivity through the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties and modern farming techniques. Farmers adopted new seeds, fertilisers, and irrigation methods that significantly increased food grain production. Within two decades, India shifted from food scarcity to self-sufficiency in wheat and rice production. This agricultural transformation not only fed the growing population but also created employment opportunities in rural areas. Question: What was the primary outcome of the Green Revolution in India?