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Local Bodies & Panchayati Raj

IBPS PO · General Awareness

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Core Concept

Read this first — the foundation of the topic

💡Key Constitutional Provisions

Part IX (Articles 243 to 243-O) deals with Panchayats. The 73rd Amendment added this part to give constitutional status to rural local bodies. Similarly, the 74th Amendment Act, 1992 added Part IX-A (Articles 243-P to 243-ZG) for urban local bodies like municipalities

→Important Features

Panchayats have a five-year term. Elections are conducted by State Election Commissions. One-third seats are reserved for women, and reservations exist for SCs/STs based on population. The State Finance Commission reviews financial position every five years.

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Exam Patterns

What examiners ask — read before attempting PYQs

SSC CGL frequently asks about amendment numbers (73rd and 74th), article numbers, reservation percentages, and constitutional provisions. Questions often test the three-tier structure and functions of each level.

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Shortcuts

Use these to save 30–60 seconds per question

Remember '73-74 Rural-Urban' - 73rd Amendment for Rural (Panchayati Raj), 74th Amendment for Urban (Municipalities). For tiers, use 'VBD' - Village (Gram), Block (Panchayat Samiti), District (Zilla Panchayat).

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Worked Example

Solve this step-by-step before moving on

1

Step 1

Recall that Panchayati Raj deals with rural local governance

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Step 2

Remember the shortcut '73-Rural'

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Step 3

73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Answer: 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 Functions include: Gram Panchayat handles village-level issues like sanitation, water supply, village roads. Panchayat Samiti coordinates between Gram and Zilla Panchayats, implements development programs. Zilla Panchayat prepares district plans and supervises lower tiers. Urban Local Bodies: Three types exist - Municipal Corporations (cities above 1 million population), Municipal Councils (smaller cities), and Nagar Panchayats (transitional areas). They handle urban planning, water supply, public health, and fire services. Common Mistake: Students often confuse 73rd Amendment (rural) with 74th Amendment (urban). Remember the sequence - rural areas were addressed first (73rd), then urban areas (74th). Also, don't mix up the three tiers' names and functions.

🔑 Key Points

73rd Amendment Act 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions
Three-tier structure: Gram Panchayat (village), Panchayat Samiti (block), Zilla Panchayat (district)
Part IX of Constitution (Articles 243 to 243-O) deals with Panchayats
74th Amendment Act 1992 established constitutional framework for urban local bodies
One-third seats reserved for women in all Panchayati Raj institutions
State Election Commission conducts Panchayat elections with 5-year term
State Finance Commission reviews Panchayat finances every five years
Urban bodies: Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, and Nagar Panchayats

📌 Exam Facts

73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed in 1992
Part IX contains Articles 243 to 243-O dealing with Panchayats
74th Amendment Act 1992 added Part IX-A for municipalities
Articles 243-P to 243-ZG deal with urban local bodies
One-third reservation for women is mandatory in Panchayati Raj
Panchayat term is fixed at 5 years
State Finance Commission submits report every 5 years
Municipal Corporations are for cities with population above 10 lakh

🚀 60-Second Revision

Remember: 73rd Amendment = Rural Panchayats, 74th Amendment = Urban Bodies
Formula: Three tiers = Village (Gram) + Block (Panchayat Samiti) + District (Zilla)
Key Articles: Part IX (243 to 243-O) for Panchayats
Reservation: 1/3rd seats for women, SC/ST as per population
Timeline: Both 73rd and 74th Amendments passed in 1992
Trap: Don't confuse State Election Commission (Panchayats) with Election Commission of India
Urban types: Corporation (10+ lakh), Council (smaller cities), Nagar Panchayat (transitional)

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