Question 1

Which Mughal emperor commissioned the construction of the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal?

Accepted Answer

Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, built the Taj Mahal in Agra between 1632 and 1653 as a monument to his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. It is considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture, blending Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles.

Question 2

The Ajanta Caves, renowned for their Buddhist rock-cut architecture and murals, are located in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

The Ajanta Caves are a group of 30 rock-cut Buddhist caves located in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. They date from approximately the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE and are famous for their intricate sculptures, paintings, and architectural design. They were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

Question 3

Which ancient Indian empire is credited with the construction of the Sanchi Stupa, one of the oldest stone structures in India?

Accepted Answer

The Sanchi Stupa was commissioned by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire in the 3rd century BCE. It is located in Madhya Pradesh and is one of the oldest and most important Buddhist monuments in India. The stupa was later expanded during the Satavahana period with the addition of the famous stone railings and gateways.

Question 4

The Khajuraho temples, famous for their intricate stone carvings and architectural style, were built by which medieval Indian dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The Khajuraho temples were constructed by the Chandela dynasty between the 10th and 12th centuries CE. These temples are located in Madhya Pradesh and are renowned for their elaborate sculptures, including erotic carvings. They represent a pinnacle of medieval Hindu and Jain temple architecture and were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.

Question 5

Which Mughal emperor is known for his policy of religious tolerance and the abolition of the jizya (tax on non-Muslims)?

Accepted Answer

Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) of the Mughal Empire is renowned for his policy of religious tolerance and secular administration. He abolished the jizya tax in 1564, which was a significant step toward religious equality. Akbar also established the Din-i-Ilahi (Divine Faith), a syncretic religion combining elements of Islam, Hinduism, and other faiths, though it had limited following.

Question 6

The Ajanta Caves, renowned for their Buddhist rock-cut architecture and murals, are located in which present-day Indian state?

Accepted Answer

The Ajanta Caves are located in Maharashtra, India. These 30 rock-cut Buddhist caves date primarily to the 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE and contain exquisite paintings and sculptures depicting scenes from Buddhist texts and the life of Buddha.

Question 7

Which Mughal emperor is credited with the construction of the Red Fort (Lal Qila) in Delhi, which served as the residence of Mughal emperors?

Accepted Answer

Shah Jahan commissioned the construction of the Red Fort in Delhi between 1638 and 1648. The fort served as the capital of the Mughal Empire and the residence of emperors. It is an iconic symbol of Mughal architecture and power, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 8

Which Mughal emperor commissioned the construction of the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal?

Accepted Answer

Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, built the Taj Mahal in Agra between 1632 and 1653 as a monument to his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth. It is one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture blending Persian, Islamic, and Indian styles.

Question 9

Which ancient Indian empire, founded by Chandragupta Maurya, is credited with spreading Buddhism across Asia through the missionary efforts of Emperor Ashoka?

Accepted Answer

The Mauryan Empire (322–185 BCE) was founded by Chandragupta Maurya. Under Emperor Ashoka (r. 268–232 BCE), the third and greatest Mauryan ruler, Buddhism was actively promoted and spread throughout Asia via missionaries and the famous Ashoka Edicts inscribed on pillars and rocks across the empire.

Question 10

The Vijayanagara Empire, which flourished in South India from the 14th to 17th centuries, is particularly known for the architectural style of which famous temple complex?

Accepted Answer

The Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646) is renowned for its patronage of the Virupaksha Temple at Hampi in Karnataka. The empire's distinctive architectural style, featuring intricate carvings, gopurams (temple towers), and ornate pillared halls, is exemplified in the temples of Hampi, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 11

The Indus Valley Civilization, dating to approximately 2300–1750 BCE, is known for its advanced urban planning and undeciphered script. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of this civilization?

Accepted Answer

The Indus Valley Civilization was characterized by well-planned cities (Harappa and Mohenjo-daro), standardized weights and measures, advanced drainage systems, and an undeciphered script. However, the civilization is NOT known for monumental religious structures like temples or palaces, which distinguishes it from contemporary civilizations.

Question 12

The Vijayanagara Empire is known for its architectural contributions, including the construction of the Krishna Temple at Hampi. In which present-day state is Hampi located?

Accepted Answer

Hampi is located in Karnataka, India. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire during the 14th–16th centuries. The Krishna Temple and other monuments at Hampi showcase the architectural brilliance of the Vijayanagara period and are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 13

Which ancient Indian dynasty is credited with the construction of the Sanchi Stupa, one of the oldest stone structures in India?

Accepted Answer

The Sanchi Stupa was commissioned by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire in the 3rd century BCE. It was later enlarged and decorated during the Shunga period (2nd century BCE). The stupa is a masterpiece of Buddhist architecture and is located in Madhya Pradesh. It features intricate stone carvings and four ornamental gateways (toranas).

Question 14

The Battle of Talikota (1565) was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of Deccan Sultanates. Which Vijayanagara ruler was defeated in this battle?

Accepted Answer

The Battle of Talikota (also known as the Battle of Rakshasa-Tangadi) was fought on January 26, 1565, between the Vijayanagara Empire under Rama Raya and an alliance of four Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, and Bidar). Rama Raya was defeated and killed in this battle, marking a significant decline in Vijayanagara's power in the Deccan.

Question 15

The Vijayanagara Empire reached its zenith under which ruler, who is famous for his military campaigns and administrative reforms?

Accepted Answer

Krishna Deva Raya (r. 1509–1529) was the most celebrated ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. He expanded the empire's territory, strengthened its military, and patronized arts and literature. He is credited with making Vijayanagara one of the richest and most powerful empires in South India during the medieval period.

Question 16

The Vijayanagara Empire reached its zenith under which ruler, who defeated the Bahmani Sultanate and expanded the empire's territory significantly?

Accepted Answer

Krishna Deva Raya (r. 1509–1529) was the most powerful ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. He defeated the Bahmani Sultanate, expanded territorial control, and patronized arts, literature, and architecture extensively.

Question 17

Which ancient Indian text, composed during the Vedic period, is the oldest and contains hymns dedicated to various Vedic deities?

Accepted Answer

The Rigveda is the oldest Vedic text, composed between 1500–1200 BCE. It contains 1,028 hymns (suktas) dedicated to Vedic gods like Indra, Agni, Soma, and Varuna, and is the foundation of Vedic literature.

Question 18

The Ellora Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, contain rock-cut temples representing which three major religions of ancient India?

Accepted Answer

The Ellora Caves (34 caves) contain temples and monasteries representing Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism, constructed between the 6th and 12th centuries CE. The Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) is the most famous Hindu structure.

Question 19

The Vijayanagara Empire reached its zenith under which ruler, who defeated the Bahmani Sultanate and expanded the empire's territory significantly?

Accepted Answer

Krishna Deva Raya (r. 1509–1529) was the most powerful ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. He defeated the Bahmani Sultanate in multiple battles, expanded territorial control, and patronized arts and literature. He is credited with making Vijayanagara one of the richest and most powerful empires of medieval India.

Question 20

Which ancient Indian art form, originating in Kerala, is characterized by elaborate facial makeup, colorful costumes, and stylized movements, and is recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity?

Accepted Answer

Kathakali is a classical Indian dance-drama form originating in Kerala during the 16th–17th centuries. It is known for its distinctive green and red facial makeup (mukhathezhuthu), elaborate costumes, and highly stylized hand gestures (mudras). UNESCO recognized it as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001.

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