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NDA Direct & Indirect Speech

Study Material — 3 PYQs (2022–2022) · Concept Notes · Shortcuts

NDA Direct & Indirect Speech is a frequently tested subtopic — 3 previous year questions from 2022–2022 papers are included below with concept notes, key rules and shortcut tricks.

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2022–2022
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Previous Year Questions

NDA Direct & Indirect Speech — Past Exam Questions

3 questions from actual NDA papers · all shown free · click option to reveal solution

Exam Q 12022Previous Year Pattern

Choose the option that correctly converts the following into Indirect Speech: Direct: "If you work hard, you will succeed," the coach said to the athlete. Indirect:

Exam Q 22022Previous Year Pattern

Choose the option that correctly converts the following into Indirect Speech: Direct: "I will definitely come to your party tomorrow," she promised her friend. Indirect:

Exam Q 32022Previous Year Pattern

Choose the option that correctly converts the following into Indirect Speech: Direct: "Don't be late for the meeting," the supervisor warned the team members. Indirect:

Concept Notes

Direct & Indirect Speech— Rules & Concept

Core ConceptRead this first — the foundation of the topic
Core Concept

Direct Speech uses the exact words spoken by someone, enclosed in quotation marks. Indirect Speech reports what someone said without using their exact words

Example

Direct - He said, "I am happy." Indirect - He said that he was happy

Key Conversion Rules

Remove quotation marks and add 'that' after reporting verb 2. Change pronouns according to subject and object 3. Shift tense backward (present becomes past, past becomes past perfect) 4. Change time expressions (today → that day, yesterday → the day before) 5.

Change place references (here → there, this → that) Tense Conversion Formula: Present Simple → Past Simple Present Continuous → Past Continuous Present Perfect → Past Perfect Past Simple → Past Perfect Will → Would Can → Could May → Might

Exam PatternsWhat examiners ask — read before attempting PYQs

SSC CGL typically asks 2 types: (1) Convert direct to indirect (2) Convert indirect to direct. Most questions focus on statement conversion, but imperatives and questions also appear. Look for pronoun changes and tense shifts as key marking points.

ShortcutsUse these to save 30–60 seconds per question

#1 - Pronoun Change Formula: First Person (I, we, my, our) → Changes according to subject of reporting verb Second Person (you, your) → Changes according to object of reporting verb Third Person (he, she, they) → No change Shortcut Trick #2 - Time Expression Quick List: Today → That day, Tomorrow → The next day, Yesterday → The day before, Now → Then, Here → There, This → That, These → Those, Come → Go

Worked ExampleSolve this step-by-step before moving on
1
Step 1

Remove quotes, add 'that' → She said that

2
Step 2

Change pronoun 'I' to 'she' (follows subject)

3
Step 3

Change 'will' to 'would'

4
Step 4

Change 'my' to 'her'

5
Step 5

Change 'tomorrow' to 'the next day' Answer: She said that she would visit her grandmother the next day. Worked Example 2: Indirect: He told me that he had finished his work the day before.

1
Step 1

Add reporting verb + comma

2
Step 2

Change 'he had finished' to 'I have finished' (past perfect to present perfect)

3
Step 3

Change 'his' to 'my'

4
Step 4

Change 'the day before' to 'yesterday' Answer: He said to me, "I have finished my work yesterday." Shortcut Trick #3 - Quick Tense Check: If reporting verb is in past tense, shift all tenses backward. If reporting verb is present tense, no tense change needed. Most

Exam TrapsCommon mistakes students make — avoid these

Students forget to change pronouns correctly. The #1 error is keeping 'I' as 'I' instead of changing it according to the subject. Remember: 'I' in direct speech becomes 'he/she' in indirect speech based on who is speaking.

Also, students often miss changing time expressions like 'today' to 'that day'. Question Types in SSC CGL: Type 1: Simple statements (70% of questions) Type 2: Questions and commands (20% of questions) Type 3: Exclamatory sentences (10% of questions) For interrogative sentences, use 'asked' instead of 'said' and convert question structure to statement structure. For imperative sentences, use 'told/ordered/requested' and add 'to' before the verb.

Key Points to Remember

  • Remove quotation marks and add 'that' when converting direct to indirect speech
  • First person pronouns change according to subject, second person according to object
  • Tense shifts backward: present becomes past, past becomes past perfect
  • Formula: Today→that day, Tomorrow→next day, Yesterday→day before, Here→there
  • Reporting verb in past tense requires all tenses to shift backward
  • Use 'asked' for questions, 'told/ordered' for commands instead of 'said'
  • Third person pronouns (he, she, they) never change in conversion
  • Quick check: Can→could, Will→would, May→might in indirect speech
  • Time and place expressions must be changed from speaker's perspective to reporter's
  • Most common error is incorrect pronoun conversion, especially first and second person

Exam-Specific Tips

  • SSC CGL contains 2-3 direct-indirect speech questions per exam
  • Present perfect tense becomes past perfect in indirect speech conversion
  • Modal verb 'shall' changes to 'should' in indirect speech
  • Exclamatory sentence conversion uses 'exclaimed with joy/sorrow' as reporting verb
  • Universal truth statements do not change tense even in indirect speech
  • Imperative sentences use 'to + verb' structure in indirect speech
  • Question word 'what/where/when' remains same in indirect speech conversion
  • Past perfect tense remains unchanged when converting to indirect speech

60-Second Revision — Direct & Indirect Speech

  • Remember: First person→subject, Second person→object, Third person→no change
  • Formula: Remove quotes, add 'that', shift tense backward
  • Trap: Don't forget to change time expressions (today, tomorrow, yesterday)
  • Quick check: Present→past, Past→past perfect, Will→would, Can→could
  • For questions: Use 'asked' + question word + statement order
  • For commands: Use 'told/ordered' + object + 'to' + base verb
  • Universal truths and past perfect tense do not change
←Active & Passive VoiceModals→
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