Question 1

A shopkeeper buys a watch for ₹800 and marks it at a price such that after giving a discount of 20%, he still makes a profit of 25%. At what price is the watch marked?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let the marked price be M. Step 2: After 20% discount, selling price = M × (80/100) = 0.8M. Step 3: For 25% profit on cost price ₹800, selling price = 800 × (125/100) = ₹1000. Step 4: Therefore, 0.8M = 1000, so M = 1000 ÷ 0.8 = ₹1250.

Question 2

A shopkeeper bought a watch for ₹800. He marked it at 40% above the cost price and offered a discount of 10% on the marked price. What is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹800. Step 2: Marked Price (MP) = 800 + (40% of 800) = 800 + 320 = ₹1120. Step 3: Discount = 10% of 1120 = ₹112. Step 4: Selling Price (SP) = 1120 - 112 = ₹1008. Step 5: Profit = SP - CP = 1008 - 800 = ₹208. Step 6: Profit% = (208/800) × 100 = 26%. Therefore, the answer is 26%.

Question 3

A shopkeeper buys an article for ₹840 and sells it at a profit of 25%. What is the selling price of the article?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹840, Profit% = 25%. Step 2: Selling Price (SP) = CP × (1 + Profit%/100) = 840 × (125/100) = 840 × 1.25 = ₹1050. Therefore, the selling price is ₹1050.

Question 4

A shopkeeper buys 120 articles at ₹15 per article. He sells 80% of them at ₹20 per article and the remaining at ₹12 per article. What is his overall profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = 120 × ₹15 = ₹1800. Step 2: Articles sold at ₹20 = 80% of 120 = 96 articles. Revenue from these = 96 × ₹20 = ₹1920. Step 3: Remaining articles = 120 − 96 = 24 articles sold at ₹12. Revenue = 24 × ₹12 = ₹288. Step 4: Total Selling Price (SP) = ₹1920 + ₹288 = ₹2208. Step 5: Profit = SP − CP = ₹2208 − ₹1800 = ₹408. Step 6: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (408 / 1800) × 100 = 22.67% ≈ 22⅔%.

Question 5

A shopkeeper bought a batch of shirts at ₹400 per shirt. He marked them up by 60% above the cost price. During a sale, he offered a 25% discount on the marked price. What is his profit percentage on the shirts sold during the sale?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹400 per shirt. Step 2: Marked Price (MP) = CP + 60% of CP = 400 + (0.60 × 400) = 400 + 240 = ₹640. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) after 25% discount = MP − 25% of MP = 640 − (0.25 × 640) = 640 − 160 = ₹480. Step 4: Profit = SP − CP = 480 − 400 = ₹80. Step 5: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (80 / 400) × 100 = 20%. Therefore, the profit percentage is 20%.

Question 6

A shopkeeper marks up goods by 60% above cost price. He then offers a discount of 25% on the marked price during a sale. Later, he realizes his profit margin is too low, so he increases the selling price by 20%. If the cost price of an item is ₹500, what is his final profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹500. Step 2: Marked Price (MP) = 500 + (60% of 500) = 500 + 300 = ₹800. Step 3: After 25% discount, Selling Price (SP₁) = 800 − (25% of 800) = 800 − 200 = ₹600. Step 4: After 20% increase, Final Selling Price (SP₂) = 600 + (20% of 600) = 600 + 120 = ₹720. Step 5: Profit = 720 − 500 = ₹220. Step 6: Profit % = (220/500) × 100 = 44%.

Question 7

A shopkeeper marks an article at ₹500. He offers a discount of 10% and still makes a profit of 25%. What is the cost price of the article?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marked Price (MP) = ₹500, Discount = 10%. Step 2: Selling Price (SP) = 500 − (10% of 500) = 500 − 50 = ₹450. Step 3: Profit % = 25%, so SP = CP × (125/100). Step 4: 450 = CP × 1.25. Step 5: CP = 450 / 1.25 = ₹360. Therefore, the cost price is ₹360.

Question 8

A shopkeeper buys a watch for ₹800 and sells it for ₹1000. What is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹800, Selling Price (SP) = ₹1000. Step 2: Profit = SP − CP = 1000 − 800 = ₹200. Step 3: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (200 / 800) × 100 = 25%. Therefore, the answer is 25%.

Question 9

If a shopkeeper sells an item for ₹180 and makes a loss of 10%, what is the cost price of the item?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Selling Price (SP) = ₹180, Loss % = 10%. Step 2: When there is a loss of 10%, SP = CP × (90/100). Step 3: 180 = CP × (90/100). Step 4: CP = 180 × (100/90) = 180 × (10/9) = ₹200. Therefore, the cost price is ₹200.

Question 10

A book is sold for ₹240 at a loss of 20%. What was the cost price of the book?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Selling Price (SP) = ₹240, Loss % = 20%. Step 2: When there is a loss of 20%, SP = CP × (1 − 20/100) = CP × 0.8. Step 3: 240 = CP × 0.8, so CP = 240 / 0.8 = ₹300. Therefore, the cost price is ₹300.

Question 11

A retailer buys pens at ₹12 per pen and sells them at ₹15 per pen. If he sells 200 pens, what is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price per pen = ₹12, Selling Price per pen = ₹15, Quantity = 200 pens. Step 2: Profit per pen = 15 − 12 = ₹3. Step 3: Profit % = (Profit per pen / CP per pen) × 100 = (3 / 12) × 100 = 25%. Step 4: Note that profit percentage is independent of quantity. Therefore, the profit percentage is 25%.

Question 12

A fruit seller buys apples at ₹10 per dozen and sells them at ₹15 per dozen. If he sells 60 dozen apples, what is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price per dozen = ₹10, Selling Price per dozen = ₹15. Step 2: Profit per dozen = 15 − 10 = ₹5. Step 3: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (5 / 10) × 100 = 50%. Step 4: Note that the quantity (60 dozen) does not affect the profit percentage. Therefore, the profit percentage is 50%.

Question 13

A shopkeeper buys a shirt for ₹400 and sells it for ₹520. What is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹400, Selling Price (SP) = ₹520. Step 2: Profit = SP − CP = 520 − 400 = ₹120. Step 3: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (120 / 400) × 100 = 30%. Therefore, the profit percentage is 30%.

Question 14

A trader buys 50 kg of rice at ₹40 per kg and sells it at ₹50 per kg. What is the total profit?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Quantity = 50 kg, Cost Price per kg = ₹40, Selling Price per kg = ₹50. Step 2: Total CP = 50 × 40 = ₹2000. Step 3: Total SP = 50 × 50 = ₹2500. Step 4: Total Profit = Total SP − Total CP = 2500 − 2000 = ₹500. Therefore, the total profit is ₹500.

Question 15

A shopkeeper buys a pen for ₹12 and sells it for ₹15. What is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹12, Selling Price (SP) = ₹15. Step 2: Profit = SP − CP = 15 − 12 = ₹3. Step 3: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (3 / 12) × 100 = 25%. Therefore, the profit percentage is 25%.

Question 16

A vendor buys oranges at ₹5 per dozen and sells them at ₹0.50 per orange. What is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price = ₹5 per dozen = ₹5 for 12 oranges. Cost per orange = 5/12 ≈ ₹0.417. Step 2: Selling Price per orange = ₹0.50. Step 3: Profit per orange = 0.50 − (5/12) = (6/12) − (5/12) = ₹1/12. Step 4: Profit % = (Profit per orange / CP per orange) × 100 = [(1/12) / (5/12)] × 100 = (1/5) × 100 = 20%. Therefore, the profit percentage is 20%.

Question 17

A merchant purchases a book for ₹80 and wants to make a profit of 40%. At what price should he sell the book?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹80, Required Profit % = 40%. Step 2: Profit = (40/100) × 80 = ₹32. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit = 80 + 32 = ₹112. Therefore, the book should be sold for ₹112.

Question 18

A vendor sells oranges at ₹5 per orange. If he incurs a loss of 20%, what was the cost price per orange?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Selling Price (SP) = ₹5, Loss % = 20%. Step 2: When there is a 20% loss, SP = CP × (80/100). Step 3: 5 = CP × (80/100). Step 4: CP = 5 × (100/80) = 5 × 1.25 = ₹6.25. Therefore, the cost price per orange is ₹6.25.

Question 19

A trader buys 50 kg of rice at ₹20 per kg and sells it at ₹24 per kg. What is the total profit?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Quantity = 50 kg, Cost Price per kg = ₹20, Selling Price per kg = ₹24. Step 2: Total CP = 50 × 20 = ₹1000. Step 3: Total SP = 50 × 24 = ₹1200. Step 4: Total Profit = SP − CP = 1200 − 1000 = ₹200. Therefore, the total profit is ₹200.

Question 20

A shopkeeper buys a pen for ₹12 and sells it for ₹15. What is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹12, Selling Price (SP) = ₹15. Step 2: Profit = SP − CP = 15 − 12 = ₹3. Step 3: Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100 = (3 / 12) × 100 = 25%. Therefore, the profit percentage is 25%.

Question 21

A vendor sells oranges at ₹60 per dozen and incurs a loss of 20%. What was the cost price per dozen?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Selling Price (SP) = ₹60 per dozen, Loss % = 20%. Step 2: When there is a loss of 20%, SP = CP × (80/100). Step 3: 60 = CP × (80/100). Step 4: CP = 60 × (100/80) = 60 × 1.25 = ₹75. Therefore, the cost price per dozen is ₹75.

Question 22

A merchant purchases a shirt for ₹400 and wants to make a profit of 35%. At what price should he sell the shirt?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹400, Required Profit % = 35%. Step 2: Profit = (35/100) × 400 = ₹140. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit = 400 + 140 = ₹540. Therefore, the shirt should be sold for ₹540.

Question 23

A merchant purchases a book for ₹250 and wants to make a profit of 40%. At what price should he sell the book?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹250, Profit % = 40%. Step 2: Profit = (40/100) × 250 = ₹100. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = CP + Profit = 250 + 100 = ₹350. Therefore, the book should be sold for ₹350.

Question 24

If a book is sold for ₹360 at a loss of 10%, what is its Cost Price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Selling Price (SP) = ₹360, Loss = 10%. Step 2: When there is a loss of 10%, SP = CP × (100 − 10)/100 = CP × 90/100. Step 3: 360 = CP × 0.9. Step 4: CP = 360 / 0.9 = ₹400. Therefore, the answer is ₹400.

Question 25

A merchant purchases 5 kg of rice at ₹40 per kg and sells the entire quantity at ₹50 per kg. What is the total profit earned?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price per kg = ₹40, Selling Price per kg = ₹50, Quantity = 5 kg. Step 2: Total CP = 40 × 5 = ₹200. Step 3: Total SP = 50 × 5 = ₹250. Step 4: Total Profit = SP − CP = 250 − 200 = ₹50. Therefore, the answer is ₹50.

Question 26

A book is sold for ₹450 at a loss of 10%. At what price should it be sold to make a profit of 20%?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Selling Price (SP) = ₹450, Loss = 10%. Step 2: Using SP = CP(1 - Loss%), we get 450 = CP × 0.90, so CP = 450/0.90 = ₹500. Step 3: For 20% profit, New SP = CP × (1 + Profit%) = 500 × 1.20 = ₹600.

NDA Basic Profit & Loss

NDA Basic Profit & Loss — Past Exam Questions

Basic Profit & Loss — Practice Questions