Question 1

In which year was the Indian National Congress founded, and who was its first President?

Accepted Answer

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant. Womesh Chandra Banerjee was elected as the first President of the Congress at its inaugural session held in Bombay (now Mumbai). This marked the beginning of organized political activity in India and laid the foundation for the independence movement.

Question 2

The Salt March (Namak Satyagraha) was led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930. What was the primary objective of this civil disobedience campaign?

Accepted Answer

The Salt March (2 April – 6 May 1930) was a 240-mile march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, Gujarat. The primary objective was to challenge the British monopoly on salt production and taxation (the Salt Act of 1882). By making salt from seawater, Gandhi and his followers violated the law and sparked a mass civil disobedience movement against British colonial rule.

Question 3

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919. Under whose orders was the firing conducted, and in which city was this tragic event?

Accepted Answer

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab. The firing was ordered by Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, who commanded the troops. Approximately 379–1,000 people (estimates vary) were killed when Dyer ordered his soldiers to open fire on an unarmed gathering of Indians protesting the Rowlatt Act.

Question 4

The Indian National Congress held its first session in 1885. In which city was this historic session held, and who was the first President of the Congress?

Accepted Answer

The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay (now Mumbai) in December 1885. Womesh Chandra Banerjee (also spelled Banerjea) was elected as the first President of the Congress. This session marked the beginning of organized political activity for Indian independence.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Quit India Movement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8, 1942, at the All-India Congress Committee session held in Mumbai (then Bombay). The movement demanded immediate British withdrawal from India and was accompanied by the famous slogan 'Do or Die'. Gandhi was arrested on August 9, 1942, and remained imprisoned until May 1944. The movement marked a decisive shift toward complete independence and was the last major civil disobedience campaign of the freedom struggle.

Question 6

In which year did Mahatma Gandhi launch the Quit India Movement, and what was its immediate trigger?

Accepted Answer

The Quit India Movement was launched on 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay. It was triggered by Gandhi's frustration over the failure of the Cripps Mission (1942) to secure meaningful independence negotiations with the British government during World War II.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the Chauri Chaura incident of 1922 is historically accurate?

Accepted Answer

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on 5 February 1922 in Chauri Chaura village (present-day Uttar Pradesh) when protesters set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen. This incident deeply shocked Gandhi, who was leading the Non-Cooperation Movement. In response, Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement on 12 February 1922, just one week after the incident, citing the need for mass civil discipline and non-violence. He also undertook a 5-day fast as penance. This incident marked a turning point in the freedom struggle, demonstrating Gandhi's commitment to ahimsa even when the movement faced violent reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

RRB Group D Modern India & Freedom Struggle

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60-Second Revision — Modern India & Freedom Struggle