Question 1

The price of a book increased from ₹200 to ₹250. What is the percentage increase?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Original Price = ₹200, New Price = ₹250. Step 2: Increase = New Price − Original Price = 250 − 200 = ₹50. Step 3: Percentage Increase = (Increase / Original Price) × 100 = (50/200) × 100 = 0.25 × 100 = 25%. Therefore, the percentage increase is 25%.

Question 2

A student's test score improved from 60% to 75%. What is the percentage point increase in the score?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Initial Score = 60%, Final Score = 75%. Step 2: Percentage Point Increase = Final Score − Initial Score = 75% − 60% = 15 percentage points. Note: This is NOT the same as a 25% relative increase. Therefore, the percentage point increase is 15 percentage points.

Question 3

What is 25% of 480?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Use the percentage formula: Percentage of a number = (Percentage/100) × Number. Step 2: 25% of 480 = (25/100) × 480 = 0.25 × 480 = 120. Therefore, the answer is 120.

Question 4

If 15% of a number is 45, what is the number?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let the number be x. Then 15% of x = 45. Step 2: (15/100) × x = 45. Step 3: 0.15x = 45. Step 4: x = 45 ÷ 0.15 = 300. Therefore, the number is 300.

Question 5

A shopkeeper marks a shirt at ₹800. He gives a discount of 20%. What is the selling price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marked Price (MP) = ₹800, Discount = 20%. Step 2: Discount amount = 20% of 800 = (20/100) × 800 = ₹160. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount = 800 − 160 = ₹640. Therefore, the selling price is ₹640.

Question 6

In an exam, a student scored 72 marks out of 120. What is the percentage of marks obtained?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Use the percentage formula: Percentage = (Obtained Marks / Total Marks) × 100. Step 2: Percentage = (72/120) × 100. Step 3: Simplify: (72/120) = (3/5) = 0.6. Step 4: 0.6 × 100 = 60%. Therefore, the percentage is 60%.

Question 7

A shopkeeper marks an item at ₹500. He offers a discount of 12% on the marked price. What is the selling price of the item?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marked Price (MP) = ₹500. Step 2: Discount = 12% of 500 = (12/100) × 500 = ₹60. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount = 500 − 60 = ₹440.

Question 8

A shopkeeper marks an item at ₹500. He offers a discount of 12% on the marked price. What is the selling price of the item?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marked Price (MP) = ₹500. Step 2: Discount = 12% of 500 = (12/100) × 500 = ₹60. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = MP − Discount = 500 − 60 = ₹440.

Question 9

In a school, 35% of students are girls. If there are 420 girls in the school, what is the total number of students?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let total students = x. Step 2: 35% of x = 420. Step 3: (35/100) × x = 420. Step 4: x = 420 × (100/35) = 420 × (20/7) = 60 × 20 = 1200.

Question 10

A number is increased by 25%. If the new number is 500, what was the original number?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let original number = x. Step 2: After 25% increase, new number = x + 25% of x = 1.25x. Step 3: 1.25x = 500. Step 4: x = 500/1.25 = 400.

Question 11

A candidate scored 65% marks in an exam and obtained 390 marks. What are the total marks of the exam?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marks obtained = 390, which is 65% of total marks. Step 2: Let total marks = x. Step 3: 65% of x = 390. Step 4: (65/100) × x = 390. Step 5: x = 390 × (100/65) = 390 × (20/13) = 30 × 20 = 600.

Question 12

The price of a commodity increased by 20% and then decreased by 10%. What is the net percentage change in the price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let original price = ₹100. Step 2: After 20% increase: New price = 100 + 20 = ₹120. Step 3: After 10% decrease on ₹120: Final price = 120 − (10% of 120) = 120 − 12 = ₹108. Step 4: Net change = 108 − 100 = ₹8. Step 5: Net percentage change = (8/100) × 100 = 8%.

Question 13

A person spends 40% of his income on rent, 25% on food, and the remaining on other expenses. If he spends ₹1400 on other expenses, what is his total monthly income?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Percentage spent on rent = 40%, on food = 25%. Step 2: Percentage on other expenses = 100 − 40 − 25 = 35%. Step 3: 35% of income = ₹1400. Step 4: Let income = x. Step 5: (35/100) × x = 1400. Step 6: x = 1400 × (100/35) = 1400 × (20/7) = 200 × 20 = 4000.

Question 14

The price of a commodity increases by 15% in the first year and then decreases by 10% in the second year. If the price after two years is ₹5175, what was the original price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let original price = P. After 15% increase: Price₁ = P × 1.15. Step 2: After 10% decrease: Price₂ = P × 1.15 × 0.90 = P × 1.035. Step 3: Given Price₂ = 5175, so P × 1.035 = 5175. Step 4: P = 5175 / 1.035 = 5000.

Question 15

A person's salary is increased by 25%. To bring it back to the original amount, by what percentage should the new salary be reduced?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let original salary = 100. After 25% increase: New salary = 125. Step 2: To reduce 125 back to 100, reduction needed = 125 - 100 = 25. Step 3: Percentage reduction = (25/125) × 100 = 20%.

Question 16

A shopkeeper marks his goods at 60% above cost price. He then offers a discount of 25% on the marked price. If the cost price of an item is ₹800, what is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹800. Marked Price (MP) = 800 + (60% of 800) = 800 + 480 = ₹1280. Step 2: Discount = 25% of 1280 = ₹320. Selling Price (SP) = 1280 - 320 = ₹960. Step 3: Profit = 960 - 800 = ₹160. Profit % = (160/800) × 100 = 20%.

Question 17

In an election, candidate A received 45% of votes and candidate B received 35% of votes. If 20% of votes were invalid, and the total number of valid votes cast was 6400, how many votes did candidate A receive?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let total votes = x. Valid votes = 80% of x = 0.80x. Step 2: Given valid votes = 6400, so 0.80x = 6400, thus x = 8000. Step 3: Candidate A received 45% of total votes = 45% of 8000 = 0.45 × 8000 = 3600 votes.

Question 18

A number is increased by 20%, then the result is decreased by 20%. What is the net change in the original number as a percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let original number = 100. Step 2: After 20% increase = 100 + 20 = 120. Step 3: After 20% decrease on 120 = 120 - (20% of 120) = 120 - 24 = 96. Step 4: Net change = 96 - 100 = -4. Net change % = (-4/100) × 100 = -4% (i.e., 4% decrease).

Question 19

A student scores 65% in English, 72% in Mathematics, and 58% in Science. If the maximum marks in each subject are 100, 150, and 200 respectively, what is the student's overall percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marks in English = 65% of 100 = 65. Marks in Mathematics = 72% of 150 = 108. Marks in Science = 58% of 200 = 116. Step 2: Total marks obtained = 65 + 108 + 116 = 289. Step 3: Total maximum marks = 100 + 150 + 200 = 450. Step 4: Overall percentage = (289/450) × 100 = 64.22% ≈ 64.2%.

Question 20

A student scored 72 marks out of 120 in a test. What is the percentage score?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Use the percentage formula: (Obtained/Total) × 100. Step 2: Percentage = (72/120) × 100. Step 3: Simplify: (72/120) = (3/5) = 0.6. Step 4: 0.6 × 100 = 60%. Therefore, the percentage score is 60%.

Question 21

In a class of 200 students, 60% are boys. How many girls are there in the class?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Calculate the number of boys: 60% of 200 = (60/100) × 200 = 120 boys. Step 2: Calculate the number of girls: Total students − Boys = 200 − 120 = 80 girls. Therefore, there are 80 girls in the class.

Question 22

A shopkeeper marks an item at ₹500. He offers a discount of 20%. What is the selling price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Calculate the discount amount: 20% of ₹500 = (20/100) × 500 = ₹100. Step 2: Calculate the selling price: Selling Price = Marked Price − Discount = 500 − 100 = ₹400. Therefore, the selling price is ₹400.

Question 23

What is 35% of 240?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Use the percentage formula: Percentage of a number = (Percentage/100) × Number. Step 2: Calculate 35% of 240 = (35/100) × 240 = 0.35 × 240 = 84. Therefore, the answer is 84.

Question 24

In an exam, 60% of students passed. If 240 students passed, how many students took the exam?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let total students = x. Then 60% of x = 240. Step 2: (60/100) × x = 240. Step 3: 0.6x = 240. Step 4: x = 240 ÷ 0.6 = 400. Therefore, 400 students took the exam.

Question 25

A book's price is reduced from ₹500 to ₹400. What is the percentage decrease?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Decrease amount = 500 - 400 = 100. Step 2: Percentage decrease = (Decrease/Original) × 100 = (100/500) × 100 = 20%. Therefore, the percentage decrease is 20%.

Question 26

A shirt costs ₹800. Its price is increased by 20%. What is the new price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Increase amount = 20% of 800 = (20/100) × 800 = 160. Step 2: New price = Original price + Increase = 800 + 160 = 960. Therefore, the new price is ₹960.

Question 27

If 15% of a number is 45, what is the number?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let the number be x. Then 15% of x = 45. Step 2: (15/100) × x = 45. Step 3: 0.15x = 45. Step 4: x = 45 ÷ 0.15 = 300. Therefore, the number is 300.

Question 28

What is 25% of 480?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Use the percentage formula: Percentage = (Percent/100) × Base. Step 2: 25% of 480 = (25/100) × 480 = 0.25 × 480 = 120. Therefore, the answer is 120.

Question 29

If 45% of a number is 180, what is the number?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let the number be x. Set up the equation: 45% of x = 180, which means (45/100) × x = 180. Step 2: Solve for x: x = 180 × (100/45) = 180 × (20/9) = 20 × 20 = 400. Therefore, the number is 400.

Question 30

The price of a commodity increases from ₹400 to ₹500. What is the percentage increase in price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Original price = ₹400. Step 2: New price = ₹500. Step 3: Increase = 500 − 400 = ₹100. Step 4: Percentage increase = (Increase/Original) × 100 = (100/400) × 100 = 25%.

Question 31

A shopkeeper marks an item at ₹500. He offers a discount of 12% on the marked price. What is the selling price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marked Price = ₹500. Step 2: Discount = 12% of 500 = (12/100) × 500 = ₹60. Step 3: Selling Price = 500 − 60 = ₹440.

Question 32

A student scored 72 marks out of 120 in an exam. What is the percentage of marks obtained?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Marks obtained = 72. Step 2: Total marks = 120. Step 3: Percentage = (72/120) × 100 = (3/5) × 100 = 60%.

Question 33

A salary of ₹36,000 is increased by 15%. What is the new salary?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Original salary = ₹36,000. Step 2: Increase = 15% of 36,000 = (15/100) × 36,000 = ₹5,400. Step 3: New salary = 36,000 + 5,400 = ₹41,400.

Question 34

In an examination, 35% of students failed in Mathematics, 25% failed in English, and 10% failed in both subjects. What percentage of students passed in both subjects?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Use the formula: Failed in at least one = Failed in Math + Failed in English − Failed in both = 35 + 25 − 10 = 50%. Step 2: Passed in both = 100 − 50 = 50%.

Question 35

A shopkeeper marks his goods at 40% above the cost price. If he offers a discount of 25% on the marked price, what is his profit percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let cost price = 100. Marked price = 100 + 40% of 100 = 140. Step 2: Discount = 25% of 140 = 35. Selling price = 140 − 35 = 105. Step 3: Profit = 105 − 100 = 5. Profit percentage = (5/100) × 100 = 5%.

Question 36

In a class of 250 students, 60% are boys. How many girls are there in the class?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Total students = 250. Step 2: Percentage of boys = 60%, so percentage of girls = 100% − 60% = 40%. Step 3: Number of girls = 40% of 250 = (40/100) × 250 = 100.

Question 37

A product costs ₹800 to manufacture. If it is sold at a profit of 25%, what is the selling price?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Cost Price (CP) = ₹800. Step 2: Profit = 25% of 800 = (25/100) × 800 = ₹200. Step 3: Selling Price (SP) = 800 + 200 = ₹1,000.

Question 38

A student scored 65% in one exam and 75% in another exam. If the first exam has a weightage of 40% and the second exam has a weightage of 60%, what is the weighted average percentage?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Weighted average = (Score₁ × Weight₁ + Score₂ × Weight₂) ÷ (Total weight). Step 2: Weighted average = (65 × 0.40 + 75 × 0.60) ÷ 1 = 26 + 45 = 71%.

Question 39

In a school, 60% of students are boys. Of the boys, 75% passed an exam. Of the girls, 80% passed the exam. What percentage of the total students passed the exam?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Let total students = 100. Step 2: Boys = 60% of 100 = 60. Girls = 40% of 100 = 40. Step 3: Boys who passed = 75% of 60 = 0.75 × 60 = 45. Step 4: Girls who passed = 80% of 40 = 0.80 × 40 = 32. Step 5: Total passed = 45 + 32 = 77. Step 6: Percentage of total = (77/100) × 100 = 77%.

RRB NTPC Basic Percentage

RRB NTPC Basic Percentage — Past Exam Questions

Basic Percentage— Rules & Concept

Key Points to Remember

Exam-Specific Tips

Basic Percentage — Practice Questions

60-Second Revision — Basic Percentage