Question 1

The Ajanta Caves, renowned for their Buddhist rock-cut architecture and murals, are located in which present-day Indian state?

Accepted Answer

The Ajanta Caves are located in Maharashtra, India. These 30 rock-cut Buddhist caves date from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE and are famous for their intricate sculptures, paintings, and architectural design. They were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.

Question 2

The Sanchi Stupa, one of the oldest stone structures in India, was originally commissioned by which Mauryan emperor?

Accepted Answer

The Sanchi Stupa was originally commissioned by Emperor Ashoka during the Mauryan Empire (3rd century BCE). It was later enlarged and decorated with stone railings and gateways during the Shunga period (2nd century BCE). The stupa is located in Madhya Pradesh and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 3

Which Mughal emperor commissioned the construction of the Taj Mahal as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal?

Accepted Answer

Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, built the Taj Mahal in Agra between 1632 and 1653 as a monument to his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth in 1631. It is one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture, blending Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles.

Question 4

Which classical dance form is native to the state of Kerala?

Accepted Answer

Kathakali is the classical dance-drama form that originated in Kerala. It is known for its elaborate costumes, detailed facial makeup, and expressive hand gestures (mudras). Other options belong to different states: Bharatanatyam to Tamil Nadu, Odissi to Odisha, and Kuchipudi to Andhra Pradesh.

Question 5

Which ancient Indian empire is credited with the construction of the Sanchi Stupa, one of the oldest stone structures in India?

Accepted Answer

The Sanchi Stupa was built during the reign of Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire in the 3rd century BCE. It was later expanded and embellished during the Shunga and Satavahana periods. The stupa is located in Madhya Pradesh and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 6

The Khajuraho temples, known for their intricate stone carvings and architectural brilliance, were built by which medieval Indian dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The Khajuraho temples were built by the Chandela dynasty between the 10th and 12th centuries CE. These temples are located in Madhya Pradesh and are renowned for their exquisite sculptures and architectural design. They are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 7

The Khajuraho temples, famous for their intricate stone carvings and architectural design, were built by which medieval Indian dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The Khajuraho temples were built by the Chandela dynasty during the 10th and 11th centuries CE (approximately 950–1050 CE). These temples are located in Madhya Pradesh and are renowned for their stunning architectural design and detailed sculptural work. They were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986.

Question 8

The Ajanta Caves, famous for their Buddhist rock-cut architecture and paintings, are located in which present-day Indian state?

Accepted Answer

The Ajanta Caves are located in Maharashtra, India. These 30 rock-cut Buddhist caves date from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE and are renowned for their exquisite murals, sculptures, and architectural design. They are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Question 9

Which architectural style is predominantly reflected in the construction of the Qutub Minar in Delhi?

Accepted Answer

The Qutub Minar, constructed between 1193 and 1368 CE, primarily reflects Indo-Islamic (or Indo-Muslim) architectural style. It was initiated by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, and completed by his successors. The minaret blends Islamic design principles with Indian architectural elements, featuring intricate calligraphy, geometric patterns, and fluted surfaces characteristic of early Islamic architecture in India.

Question 10

The 'Nataraja' bronze sculpture, depicting Lord Shiva as the cosmic dancer, is most closely associated with which dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The Nataraja bronze sculpture is a hallmark achievement of the Chola dynasty (9th–13th centuries CE). Chola craftsmen mastered the lost-wax (cire perdue) technique to create these iconic bronzes. The most celebrated Nataraja images were produced during the reign of rulers like Rajaraja I. These bronzes are now symbols of Indian art worldwide, with notable specimens housed in the National Museum, New Delhi, and the Musée Guimet, Paris.

Question 11

The Ellora Caves, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, contain rock-cut temples representing which three major religions?

Accepted Answer

The Ellora Caves (34 caves total), located in Maharashtra and carved between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, contain rock-cut temples and monasteries representing Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism. This unique site demonstrates religious harmony and coexistence during the medieval period. The caves include the famous Kailasa Temple (Hindu), Buddhist viharas, and Jain temples, showcasing the artistic and architectural achievements of multiple faiths.

Question 12

The Vijayanagara Empire reached its greatest territorial extent and cultural flourishing under which ruler?

Accepted Answer

Krishna Deva Raya (r. 1509–1529) was the most celebrated ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. Under his reign, the empire expanded to its maximum territorial extent, and he patronized arts, literature, and architecture. He is credited with building the famous Krishna Temple at Hampi and promoting Telugu and Sanskrit literature.

Question 13

Which famous Mughal monument, built by Shah Jahan, is located in Delhi and served as the residence of Mughal emperors?

Accepted Answer

The Red Fort (Lal Qila) in Delhi was built by Shah Jahan between 1638–1648. It served as the primary residence and seat of power for Mughal emperors from Shah Jahan onwards. The fort is named for its distinctive red sandstone walls and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It remains a symbol of India's independence and hosts the Prime Minister's Independence Day address.

Question 14

The Mauryan Empire under Emperor Ashoka is famous for the spread of Buddhism. After which major military campaign did Ashoka renounce violence and embrace Buddhism?

Accepted Answer

Emperor Ashoka (r. 268–232 BCE) conquered the Kalinga region (modern Odisha) in 261 BCE. The Kalinga War resulted in massive casualties (approximately 100,000 deaths according to Ashoka's own edicts). Horrified by the bloodshed, Ashoka renounced violence, embraced Buddhism, and devoted himself to spreading the Dharma (Buddhist teachings) through edicts and missionary activities.

Question 15

Which ancient Indian text, composed during the Vedic period, is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text and contains hymns dedicated to various deities?

Accepted Answer

The Rigveda is the oldest of the four Vedas, composed between 1500–1200 BCE (some scholars date it to 1500–1000 BCE). It contains 1,028 hymns (suktas) organized into 10 books (mandalas) and is written in Vedic Sanskrit. It is the oldest known Indo-European text and forms the foundation of Vedic literature.

Question 16

The Vijayanagara Empire reached its zenith under which ruler, who defeated the Bahmani Sultanate and expanded the empire's territory significantly?

Accepted Answer

Krishna Deva Raya (r. 1509–1529) was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. He defeated the Bahmani Sultanate in multiple campaigns, expanded territorial control, and patronized arts, literature, and architecture. He is credited with making Vijayanagara one of the richest and most powerful empires in medieval India.

Question 17

The Khajuraho temples, famous for their intricate stone carvings and architectural excellence, were built by which dynasty, and in which century were they primarily constructed?

Accepted Answer

The Khajuraho temples were built by the Chandela dynasty, a Rajput clan that ruled central India. The temples were primarily constructed between the 10th and 11th centuries CE (approximately 950–1050 CE). The most famous temple is the Kandariya Mahadev Temple. The site contains 85 temples originally, of which 22 remain today, located in Madhya Pradesh.

Question 18

Which architectural style is predominantly featured in the Qutb Minar complex in Delhi, and who initiated its construction?

Accepted Answer

The Qutb Minar complex in Delhi was initiated by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193 CE. The architecture is primarily Indo-Islamic (also called Indo-Muslim or Sultanate style), which blends Islamic architectural principles with Indian structural techniques and decorative elements. The Qutb Minar itself is a 73-meter high minaret, and the complex includes the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, making it one of the earliest and finest examples of Indo-Islamic architecture in India.

Question 19

Which architectural style is predominantly seen in the construction of the Qutub Minar, and which Delhi Sultan initiated its construction?

Accepted Answer

The Qutub Minar was initiated by Qutb-ud-Din Aibak (founder of the Delhi Sultanate, r. 1206–1210) in 1193 and completed by his successors, particularly Iltutmish. The architectural style is Indo-Islamic, featuring a blend of Hindu and Islamic architectural elements. The minaret stands 73.6 meters tall and is the tallest brick minaret in the world.

Question 20

The Ellora Caves complex in Maharashtra contains caves from three major religions. Which cave is famous for the monolithic Kailasa Temple, and during which period was it primarily constructed?

Accepted Answer

The Kailasa Temple (Cave 16) at Ellora is a monolithic rock-cut temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, carved out of a single rock face. It was constructed during the Rashtrakuta period, primarily under the patronage of King Krishna I (r. 756–774 CE). The Ellora Caves complex (34 caves total) includes Buddhist caves (1st–5th centuries), Hindu caves (6th–8th centuries), and Jain caves (8th–10th centuries), making it a unique multi-religious site. The Kailasa Temple is considered one of the most ambitious rock-cut architectural projects in the world.

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