Question 1

Who led the Revolt of 1857 in the region of Kanpur (Cawnpore), and what was his title?

Accepted Answer

Nana Sahib (Dhondu Pant), the adopted son of Peshwa Baji Rao II, led the revolt in Kanpur. He was proclaimed as the Peshwa during the rebellion.

Question 2

The Rowlatt Act was passed in which year, and what was its primary purpose?

Accepted Answer

The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 to give the British government emergency powers to suppress political dissent and detain political prisoners without trial during the post-World War I period.

Question 3

In which year was the Indian National Congress founded, and who was its first President?

Accepted Answer

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, and Womesh Chandra Banerjee was elected as its first President.

Question 4

Which of the following events is correctly matched with its year during the Indian Freedom Struggle?

Accepted Answer

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar, when British troops under General Reginald Dyer fired on unarmed Indian protesters, killing hundreds.

Question 5

The Khilafat Movement in India (1919–1924) was primarily led by which two brothers, and what was its main objective?

Accepted Answer

The Khilafat Movement was led by brothers Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali. Its main objective was to protect the Ottoman Caliphate (Khilafat) from dissolution following World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. This movement saw Hindu-Muslim unity under Gandhi's leadership.

Question 6

The Revolt of 1857 began at which military cantonment, and which Indian sepoy is credited with firing the first shot?

Accepted Answer

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began at Meerut on 10 May 1857. Mangal Pandey, a sepoy of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, is historically credited with being the first to openly rebel and fire at his British officers, though the actual 'first shot' attribution remains debated among historians.

Question 7

Which session of the Indian National Congress passed the 'Purna Swaraj' resolution, demanding complete independence from British rule?

Accepted Answer

The Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) resolution was passed at the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress held on 19 December 1929, with Jawaharlal Nehru as President. This marked a shift from dominion status to complete independence as the Congress's official goal.

Question 8

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in which year, and who was the British military officer responsible for ordering the firing?

Accepted Answer

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar. Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on an unarmed gathering of Indian civilians and freedom fighters, resulting in hundreds of deaths. This event became a turning point in India's freedom struggle.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the Quit India Movement is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

The Quit India Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi on August 8, 1942, at the All-India Congress Committee session held in Mumbai (then Bombay). The movement demanded immediate British withdrawal from India and was characterized by mass civil disobedience. Gandhi's famous slogan during this movement was 'Do or Die.' The movement lasted until 1944 and resulted in widespread arrests of Congress leaders.

Question 10

During the Quit India Movement of 1942, which of the following was NOT one of the immediate demands made by the Indian National Congress in its resolution passed at the All-India Congress Committee session?

Accepted Answer

The Quit India Movement (August 1942) was launched with the primary demand for immediate British withdrawal from India. The AICC resolution at Bombay (8 August 1942) focused on this central demand and the formation of a provisional government. However, the Congress did not demand the immediate dissolution of the Indian Civil Service or the immediate transfer of all administrative powers to Indian hands without any transitional framework — these were seen as impractical immediate demands.

Question 11

The Lucknow Pact of 1916 was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and which political organization?

Accepted Answer

The Lucknow Pact of 1916 was signed between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League. It was negotiated by Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Congress) and Muhammad Ali Jinnah (League) and represented a rare moment of Hindu-Muslim political unity during the freedom struggle.

Question 12

Which session of the Indian National Congress passed the 'Purna Swaraj' resolution, declaring complete independence as the goal of the Congress?

Accepted Answer

The Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) resolution was passed at the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress on December 19, 1929. Jawaharlal Nehru was the President of this session. This marked a shift from 'Dominion Status' to 'Complete Independence' as the official goal.

Question 13

The Chauri Chaura incident of February 1922, which led to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement, occurred in which present-day state?

Accepted Answer

The Chauri Chaura incident occurred on February 5, 1922, in Chauri Chaura village, which is located in present-day Uttar Pradesh (in the Gorakhpur district). During a protest march, a police station was set on fire, resulting in the death of 22 policemen. This incident prompted Gandhi to suspend the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Question 14

The Cripps Mission visited India in 1942 with a proposal for Indian independence. Which of the following was NOT part of the Cripps Proposal?

Accepted Answer

The Cripps Mission of 1942 proposed a federal structure with dominion status after World War II, but it did NOT guarantee the immediate transfer of power or address the partition issue explicitly. The proposal was rejected by both Congress and Muslim League. Congress rejected it for not offering immediate independence, and the League rejected it for not guaranteeing a separate Pakistan.

SSC CPO Modern India & Freedom Struggle

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Modern India & Freedom Struggle — Practice Questions

60-Second Revision — Modern India & Freedom Struggle