Question 1

Under which Article of the Indian Constitution can a citizen move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution empowers citizens to move the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is often called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Right under Part III of the Indian Constitution?

Accepted Answer

Right to Property is NOT a Fundamental Right. It was removed from Part III by the 44th Constitutional Amendment (1978) and is now a Constitutional Right under Article 300-A. Fundamental Rights are listed in Articles 12–35.

Question 3

A High Court can issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights under which Article of the Indian Constitution?

Accepted Answer

Article 226 of the Indian Constitution empowers High Courts to issue writs (habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, quo warranto) for enforcement of Fundamental Rights and for any other purpose.

Question 4

Which Constitutional Amendment removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

The 44th Constitutional Amendment (1978) removed the Right to Property from Part III (Fundamental Rights) and made it a Constitutional Right under Article 300-A. This was done to facilitate land reforms and socialist policies.

Question 5

Which Article of the Indian Constitution grants the right to constitutional remedies and empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution is the constitutional remedy provision that empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto) for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is considered the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Question 6

Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, and has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to include the right to live with human dignity?

Accepted Answer

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution states: 'No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.' The Supreme Court has expanded this interpretation to include rights such as the right to health, education, and living with dignity.

Question 7

Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following is NOT a writ that can be issued by the Supreme Court to enforce fundamental rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to issue five types of writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto. These are the constitutional remedies available to protect fundamental rights. Injunction is a civil remedy under the Code of Civil Procedure, not a constitutional writ under Article 32.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the jurisdiction of High Courts under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Article 226 grants High Courts the power to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto) for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for any other purpose. This is broader than Article 32, which is limited to fundamental rights. High Courts can issue writs even for non-fundamental rights violations.

Question 9

Which Article of the Indian Constitution defines the composition and powers of the Supreme Court, including the number of judges?

Accepted Answer

Article 124 of the Indian Constitution deals with the establishment and composition of the Supreme Court. It specifies that the Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and such number of other judges as the President may appoint. Currently, there are 34 judges (1 Chief Justice + 33 other judges) as per the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 2019.

Question 10

Which Article of the Indian Constitution grants the power to the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto) for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. This is a constitutional remedy available to citizens and is considered the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Question 11

Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to constitutional remedies, and under which landmark case did the Supreme Court expand its scope to include Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. The Supreme Court expanded PIL scope in the case of Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary, State of Bihar (1979), allowing any citizen to file a petition on behalf of the public.

Question 12

Under Article 131 of the Indian Constitution, which type of dispute falls within the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?

Accepted Answer

Article 131 grants the Supreme Court exclusive original jurisdiction over disputes between the Union and one or more States, or between two or more States, where the dispute involves a question of law or fact on which the legal rights of the parties depend.

Question 13

The 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution, passed in 1976, made significant changes to the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. Which of the following was NOT a change introduced by the 42nd Amendment?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Amendment (1976) introduced several changes including: (1) addition of 'socialist' and 'secular' to the Preamble, (2) restriction of right to property (Article 19(1)(f) and Article 31), (3) addition of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A), and (4) expansion of DPSP. However, it did NOT introduce the right to free and compulsory education—that came through the 86th Amendment (2002) which made education a Fundamental Right under Article 21A.

Question 14

In the landmark case Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court established the doctrine of 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution. Which of the following is NOT considered part of the Basic Structure as per subsequent judicial interpretation?

Accepted Answer

The Basic Structure doctrine (Kesavananda Bharati, 1973) established that certain features of the Constitution are so fundamental that they cannot be amended even by Parliament using Article 368. These include: sovereignty, democracy, secularism, federalism, separation of powers, judicial review, and fundamental rights. However, the specific number of Lok Sabha seats or the exact composition of the Rajya Sabha is NOT part of the Basic Structure—these are procedural/structural details that can be amended.

Question 15

Article 226 of the Indian Constitution grants High Courts the power to issue writs. In which of the following situations would a High Court issue a writ of 'Mandamus'?

Accepted Answer

A writ of Mandamus is issued by a High Court to compel a public official or authority to perform a duty that they are legally bound to perform but have failed or refused to perform. It is a command to 'do' something, not to 'stop' something. For example, compelling a government official to issue a certificate, grant a license, or implement a court order.

Question 16

Under Article 226 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following writs can be issued by a High Court to compel a public official to perform a mandatory public duty that they have unlawfully refused or neglected to perform?

Accepted Answer

Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue writs including Mandamus (or Mandamns), which compels performance of a legal duty. This is distinct from Prohibition (which stops illegal action) and Certiorari (which quashes an order). The question tests precise understanding of writ jurisdiction and the specific remedy for non-performance of duty.

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