Question 1

How many bones are present in the adult human skeleton?

Accepted Answer

An adult human skeleton contains 206 bones; infants are born with approximately 270 bones, many of which are cartilage that fuse into 206 bones by adulthood.

Question 2

Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?

Accepted Answer

The kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood to form urine, which is essential for maintaining the body's water and electrolyte balance.

Question 3

What is the normal resting heart rate range for a healthy adult human?

Accepted Answer

A healthy adult at rest typically has a heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute; athletes may have lower rates due to cardiovascular conditioning.

Question 4

During a prolonged march in desert conditions, soldiers experience excessive sweating and rapid dehydration. The hormone primarily responsible for conserving water and electrolytes in the kidneys is:

Accepted Answer

ADH (vasopressin) is released by the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmolarity during dehydration, increasing water reabsorption in the kidney collecting ducts.

Question 5

During extended field operations lasting 48 hours without adequate sleep, a soldier's cognitive function and reaction time decline. This is primarily due to the depletion of which neurotransmitter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Sleep deprivation reduces dopamine and norepinephrine levels, which are critical for alertness, attention, and executive function in the central nervous system.

Question 6

A paramedic treating a casualty observes that the injured soldier's pupils are constricted and breathing is shallow. These signs suggest damage to which part of the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

Midbrain damage causes constricted pupils (via oculomotor nerve damage) and can affect respiratory control, whereas medulla damage typically causes dilated pupils and severe respiratory depression.

Question 7

During high-altitude military operations, soldiers experience reduced oxygen availability. At an altitude of 8,000 meters, atmospheric oxygen pressure drops significantly. Which organ system in the human body is primarily responsible for compensating for this oxygen deficit?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system increases minute ventilation (breathing rate × tidal volume) to maximize oxygen intake at high altitudes, compensating for lower partial pressure of oxygen.

Question 8

A soldier sustains a deep laceration during combat training and loses approximately 1.5 liters of blood. Which of the following best describes the immediate physiological response of the human body to this blood loss?

Accepted Answer

Acute hemorrhage triggers sympathetic nervous system activation, causing tachycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, and reduced glomerular filtration to maintain cerebral and cardiac perfusion.

Question 9

An Agniveer soldier sustains a compound fracture during a combat training exercise. The fracture damages the bone marrow cavity. Which of the following functions will be most critically affected due to bone marrow damage?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow is the primary site of hematopoiesis (blood cell formation), producing erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes essential for oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting.

Question 10

During high-altitude military operations in the Himalayas, soldiers experience reduced oxygen availability. At an altitude of 3,500 meters, atmospheric oxygen pressure drops significantly. Which organ system in the human body primarily compensates for this hypoxic stress by increasing its functional output?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory system increases breathing rate and depth while the circulatory system increases heart rate and cardiac output to maintain oxygen delivery to tissues at high altitude.

Agniveer Army CEE Biology — Human Body

Biology — Human Body— Rules & Concept

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Biology — Human Body — Practice Questions

60-Second Revision — Biology — Human Body