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Statement & Conclusions

Agniveer (All) · Logical Reasoning

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Core Concept

Read this first — the foundation of the topic

→Core Concept

A conclusion is valid only if it follows logically and directly from the given statement. You cannot use outside knowledge or assumptions beyond what is explicitly stated

💡Key Rules

First, read the statement carefully and understand what it says. Second, analyze each conclusion independently. Third, check if the conclusion uses information not present in the statement. Fourth, avoid bringing your personal knowledge into the analysis.

Fifth, look for absolute terms like 'all', 'some', 'no', 'only' as they change meaning significantly.

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Exam Patterns

What examiners ask — read before attempting PYQs

SSC CGL typically asks 2-3 questions on this topic. Questions usually have one statement with two conclusions labeled I and II. You must choose from options like 'Only I follows', 'Only II follows', 'Both follow', or 'Neither follows'.

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Shortcuts

Use these to save 30–60 seconds per question

Use the 'Circle Method'. Circle key words in the statement like 'all', 'some', 'only'. Then check if the conclusion uses the same scope.

If the statement says 'some students' but conclusion says 'all students', it's invalid.

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Worked Example

Solve this step-by-step before moving on

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Step 1

Analyze the statement. We know all roses belong to the flower category, and some flowers have the red property.

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Step 2

Check Conclusion I. The statement tells us all roses are flowers, and some flowers are red. But it doesn't tell us which flowers are red. The red flowers could be roses or other flowers. We cannot conclude all roses are red. This is INVALID.

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Step 3

Check Conclusion II. Since the statement clearly says 'All roses are flowers', it automatically means some roses are also flowers. This is VALID. Answer: Only conclusion II follows. Second Shortcut: For 'Some' statements, remember that 'some' means 'at least one but not necessarily all'. If statement says 'Some dogs bark', it means at least one dog barks, but other dogs might not bark. Common Mistake: Students often apply real-world knowledge instead of sticking to the given statement. For example, if the statement is 'All birds can fly' and conclusion is 'Penguins can fly', students know penguins cannot fly in reality. But based purely on the statement logic, if penguins are birds and all birds can fly, then penguins can fly according to the given information. Always work within the statement's framework, not real-world facts.

🔑 Key Points

A valid conclusion must follow directly from the given statement without external assumptions
Analyze each conclusion independently and separately from others
Pay special attention to qualifier words like all, some, no, only, few
Never use your general knowledge or real-world facts to judge conclusions
If statement uses 'some', conclusion cannot claim 'all' and vice versa
Both positive and negative conclusions can be valid depending on the statement
Circle method: Match the scope and qualifier words between statement and conclusion
When in doubt, check if the conclusion introduces new information not in the statement

📌 Exam Facts

SSC CGL typically includes 2-3 Statement and Conclusion questions per paper
Most questions follow the format: one statement with conclusions labeled I and II
Standard answer options are: Only I follows, Only II follows, Both follow, Neither follows
Questions carry equal weightage of 2 marks each in the reasoning section
Conclusions marked as 'probably true' or 'possibly true' are considered invalid
The word 'some' in logic means 'at least one' but not necessarily all
Negative conclusions (what cannot happen) are equally important as positive ones

🚀 60-Second Revision

Remember: Only use information explicitly given in the statement
Trap: Avoid applying real-world knowledge or personal assumptions
Method: Circle qualifier words like all, some, no, only in both statement and conclusions
Check: Each conclusion must be independently verified against the statement
Rule: If statement says 'some' conclusion cannot validly claim 'all'
Focus: Look for scope mismatches between statement and conclusions

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Test yourself under real exam conditions

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