Question 1

During India's G20 presidency in 2023, which international organization did India focus on reforming through the 'Voice for the Global South' initiative?

Accepted Answer

India's G20 presidency in 2023 emphasized the 'Voice for the Global South' initiative, which aimed at reforming multilateral institutions including the United Nations, World Bank, and IMF to give greater representation to developing nations. This was a central theme of India's G20 agenda.

Question 2

Which bilateral agreement did India and Australia finalize in 2023 to strengthen cooperation in critical minerals and rare earth elements?

Accepted Answer

India and Australia signed a Critical Minerals and Rare Earth Elements Cooperation Agreement in 2023. This MoU was significant for India's supply chain security and reflected the Quad nations' commitment to reducing dependence on China for critical minerals essential for technology and defence sectors.

Question 3

In 2023, India signed a Memorandum of Understanding with which country on cooperation in the field of artificial intelligence and quantum computing?

Accepted Answer

India signed an MoU with the United States in 2023 on cooperation in artificial intelligence and quantum computing. This agreement was part of the India-US strategic partnership and reflected both nations' commitment to technological advancement and research collaboration in emerging technologies.

Question 4

During India's G20 presidency in 2023, which of the following was a major outcome adopted at the G20 Summit held in New Delhi?

Accepted Answer

During India's G20 presidency in 2023, the New Delhi Leaders' Declaration was adopted at the G20 Summit in September 2023. This declaration emphasized consensus on global economic cooperation, debt sustainability, and development priorities. A key outcome was the agreement on the African Union's permanent membership in the G20, marking the first expansion of the group's membership. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 5

Which country signed a significant Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with India in 2023 regarding defense and strategic cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region?

Accepted Answer

In 2023, India signed a comprehensive defense and strategic partnership MoU with Japan, reinforcing their Quad alliance commitment and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific. This MoU covered defense technology, maritime security, and counter-terrorism initiatives. The agreement was a key outcome of high-level bilateral visits between Indian and Japanese leadership. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 6

In 2023, India signed a bilateral MoU with which Southeast Asian nation to enhance cooperation in renewable energy and climate action?

Accepted Answer

In 2023, India signed a significant MoU with Vietnam on renewable energy and climate action, reflecting both nations' commitment to the Paris Climate Agreement and sustainable development. The agreement included cooperation on solar energy projects, technology transfer, and joint research initiatives. This MoU was part of India's broader engagement with ASEAN nations on climate and energy security. Therefore, the answer is A.

Question 7

Which international organization did India chair in 2023, leading to significant outcomes on development and cooperation among member nations?

Accepted Answer

India held the presidency of the G20 in 2023, chairing the group of 20 major economies. During this presidency, India focused on development priorities, debt sustainability, and inclusive growth. The New Delhi Summit in September 2023 was the flagship event where the African Union was granted permanent membership. India's G20 presidency concluded in November 2023, with Brazil taking over the presidency for 2024. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 8

In 2024, India and which country signed a landmark defense MoU to strengthen military cooperation and joint exercises in the Indian Ocean region?

Accepted Answer

In early 2024, India and France signed a significant defense MoU reinforcing their strategic partnership, with emphasis on naval cooperation, joint exercises, and military technology sharing in the Indian Ocean region. This agreement built on the existing India-France strategic partnership and included provisions for enhanced defense industrial cooperation. The MoU reflected both nations' commitment to maritime security and counter-terrorism in the Indo-Pacific. Therefore, the answer is D.

Question 9

In 2023, India and which Southeast Asian nation signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on maritime security and blue economy cooperation?

Accepted Answer

India signed multiple MoUs with Southeast Asian nations in 2023 as part of its Indo-Pacific strategy. Vietnam was a key partner in maritime security and blue economy initiatives, reflecting India's focus on regional stability and economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region.

Question 10

Which country did India sign a comprehensive strategic partnership agreement with during the G20 presidency in 2023, focusing on defence and space cooperation?

Accepted Answer

During India's G20 presidency in 2023, India and France elevated their bilateral relationship to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership with significant emphasis on defence, space, and maritime security cooperation. This was formalized during high-level diplomatic engagements and represents a key international relations outcome of India's G20 tenure.

Question 11

Which international organization did India chair in 2023, and what was the primary theme of India's presidency in that organization?

Accepted Answer

India chaired the G20 in 2023 with the theme 'One Earth, One Family, One Future,' emphasizing inclusive development, climate action, and addressing the needs of the Global South. This was India's first G20 presidency. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 12

In September 2023, India assumed the presidency of the G20. Which of the following was NOT one of the key outcomes or themes of India's G20 presidency?

Accepted Answer

India's G20 presidency in 2023 focused on the theme 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' (the world is one family) and prioritized issues including global economic cooperation, development agenda for the Global South, climate action, and multilateral reform. The presidency did not establish a permanent G20 secretariat—G20 remains a forum without a permanent institutional structure. Therefore, answer is D.

Question 13

In 2023–2024, India signed a significant MoU with which country on semiconductor manufacturing and supply chain resilience, as part of strengthening bilateral technology partnerships?

Accepted Answer

India and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding on semiconductor manufacturing and supply chain cooperation in 2023, reflecting the India-US technology partnership under the broader framework of strategic cooperation. This was part of initiatives to build resilient semiconductor supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region. Therefore, answer is B.

Question 14

Which of the following statements regarding India's international relations initiatives in 2023–2024 is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

India successfully hosted the G20 presidency in 2023, strengthened BRICS membership (India is a founding member), and deepened Quad cooperation with the US, Japan, and Australia. However, India did not join the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in 2023–2024—India has been a full member of the SCO since 2017. Therefore, answer is D.

Question 15

In 2023, India and which country signed a comprehensive MoU on defense cooperation and military-to-military exchanges, strengthening their strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific region?

Accepted Answer

India and Japan signed a comprehensive defense and military cooperation MoU in 2023, deepening their strategic partnership. This agreement covered military exercises, technology sharing, and coordination in the Indo-Pacific. The India-Japan partnership is a cornerstone of India's Indo-Pacific strategy and the Quad framework. Therefore, answer is C.

Question 16

Which international organization did India NOT assume a leadership position in during 2023–2024?

Accepted Answer

India held the presidency of the G20 in 2023 and has been an active member of BRICS, the Quad, and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). However, India did not assume the presidency of the United Nations Security Council in 2023–2024. India's last UNSC presidency was in December 2021–January 2022. Therefore, answer is D.

Question 17

In which country did India sign a landmark MoU on defence cooperation in March 2023, establishing a '2+2' ministerial dialogue framework as part of strengthening strategic partnership in the Indo-Pacific region?

Accepted Answer

India signed a comprehensive defence and strategic partnership MoU with Japan in March 2023, establishing a '2+2' ministerial dialogue involving Defence and Foreign Ministers. This was a key outcome during the India-Japan summit and reflected India's strategic pivot towards the Indo-Pacific. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 18

During India's G20 presidency in 2023, which of the following was NOT a primary focus area of the New Delhi Leaders' Declaration adopted at the G20 Summit?

Accepted Answer

India's G20 presidency (2023) focused on Global South priorities including development, climate action, multilateral reform, and addressing debt vulnerabilities. The New Delhi Leaders' Declaration emphasized 'One Earth, One Family, One Future' but did NOT prioritize cryptocurrency regulation as a primary G20 agenda item. Cryptocurrency was discussed in FATF forums, not as a central G20 declaration theme. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 19

Which bilateral MoU signed between India and a Southeast Asian nation in 2023 specifically focused on enhancing cooperation in semiconductor manufacturing and critical supply chain resilience?

Accepted Answer

India signed a strategic partnership MoU with Vietnam in 2023 that included provisions for semiconductor manufacturing cooperation and critical supply chain resilience, reflecting both nations' efforts to reduce dependence on China. This was part of India's broader Indo-Pacific strategy. Therefore, the answer is A.

Question 20

In 2023, India and which country signed a comprehensive MoU on renewable energy cooperation, committing to joint development of solar and wind energy projects with a target capacity of 100 GW by 2030?

Accepted Answer

India signed a major renewable energy MoU with the United Arab Emirates in 2023, committing to joint development of solar and wind projects with a target of 100 GW capacity by 2030. This was a significant outcome of India's G20 presidency and reflected climate action commitments. Therefore, the answer is D.

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60-Second Revision — International Relations & MoUs