This page covers NDA Indian Constitution — Basics with complete concept notes, 20 graded practice MCQs, key points and exam-specific tips. Free to study.
The Constitution has three main parts - the Preamble (introduction), 395 Articles (main rules), and 12 Schedules (detailed lists). It is the longest written Constitution in the world. The Constitution can be changed through amendments. So far, 105 amendments have been made
💡Key Properties
The Constitution is both rigid and flexible. Some parts need special majority (more than 50% votes) to change, while others need simple majority. It establishes a federal system with Central and State governments. It guarantees Fundamental Rights to all citizens and sets Fundamental Duties.
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Exam Patterns
What examiners ask — read before attempting PYQs
→Common topics include
Preamble keywords, Constitutional Assembly members, amendment process, and important articles. Questions often test dates, names, and article numbers
26/11/1949 (adopted), 26/1/1950 (enforced). Use 'Double 26' trick
✏️Worked Example 1
1
Identify the category - Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35)
2
Education rights are in Articles 21A and 45
3
Article 21A = Right to Education (6-14 years)
4
Article 45 = Early childhood care (0-6 years)
Answer: Article 21A
Worked Example 2: Question - 'How many members were in the Constituent Assembly?'
1
Original strength = 389 members
2
After partition = 299 members left
3
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the President
4
Assembly had 11 sessions over 2 years 11 months
Answer: 299 members (after partition)
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Shortcuts
Use these to save 30–60 seconds per question
⚠️Most Common Mistake
Students confuse adoption date (26 Nov 1949) with enforcement date (26 Jan 1950)
💡Remember
Constitution was written first, then implemented later. Many students also mix up article numbers for similar rights. Always check if the question asks for specific age groups or general rights.
Test Indian Constitution — Basics under exam conditions
Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and personal liberty to all citizens?
Practice 2medium
Which article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Life and Personal Liberty?
Practice 3medium
The 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution, passed in 1976, is historically significant because it:
Practice 4medium
Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines 'State' for the purpose of Fundamental Rights. Which of the following is NOT included in this definition?
Practice 5medium
Which article of the Indian Constitution provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
Practice 6medium
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are enshrined in which Part of the Indian Constitution?
Practice 7medium
The 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution, passed in 1976, is often called the 'Mini Constitution' because it introduced several major changes. Which of the following was NOT introduced by the 42nd Amendment?
Practice 8medium
Under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution, the term 'State' includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Practice 9medium
Which of the following Fundamental Duties was added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment?
Practice 10medium
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution provides the right to constitutional remedies. Which of the following is NOT a writ that can be issued under Article 32?
Practice 11hard
The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, removed which fundamental right from Part III of the Indian Constitution?
Practice 12hard
Which article of the Indian Constitution was inserted by the 42nd Amendment and explicitly recognizes the duty of every citizen to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions?
Practice 13hard
The 44th Amendment of the Indian Constitution removed the right to property from the list of Fundamental Rights and reclassified it as a Constitutional Right under which article?
Practice 14hard
Under Article 12 of the Indian Constitution, the definition of 'State' includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Practice 15hard
Article 29(2) of the Indian Constitution, which was struck down by the Supreme Court in the Champakam Dorairajan case (1951), dealt with which aspect of Fundamental Rights?
Practice 16hard
Under Article 35 of the Indian Constitution, which body is empowered to make laws to give effect to the Fundamental Rights?
Practice 17hard
Which of the following statements regarding Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is INCORRECT?
Practice 18hard
The 101st Amendment to the Indian Constitution introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and amended which article to provide for the levy of GST by the Union and States?
Practice 19hard
Which article of the Indian Constitution was inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, to include the term 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble?
Practice 20hard
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right to constitutional remedies, can be suspended during a national emergency under which article?