Question 1

Which Constitutional Amendment introduced the concept of 'Fundamental Duties' in the Indian Constitution?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Constitutional Amendment, passed in 1976 during the Emergency period, added Part IVA to the Constitution and introduced Fundamental Duties (Articles 51A). These duties are listed for all citizens and include respecting the Constitution, abiding by laws, and promoting harmony. This was a major structural change to the Constitution.

Question 2

Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following writs can be issued by the Supreme Court to enforce Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari to enforce Fundamental Rights. These are the five classical writs available under this article. Article 226 grants similar powers to High Courts, but the question specifically asks about the Supreme Court under Article 32.

Question 3

Under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, which article was inserted to provide constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions?

Accepted Answer

The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 inserted Part IX (Articles 243 to 243O) in the Constitution, which provides for the constitutional status and framework of Panchayati Raj institutions at the village, block, and district levels. This amendment is foundational to local self-governance in rural India.

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