Question 1

Article 168 of the Indian Constitution specifies the composition of State Legislatures. Which statement correctly describes this composition?

Accepted Answer

Article 168 establishes that a State Legislature consists of the Governor and one or two Houses. Most States have a unicameral legislature (one House — Legislative Assembly). Only six States have bicameral legislatures: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly identifies the maximum gap permitted between two consecutive sessions of Parliament as per Article 85?

Accepted Answer

Article 85(2) of the Indian Constitution mandates that there shall not be a gap of more than six months between two consecutive sessions of Parliament. This ensures regular legislative functioning and accountability.

Question 3

Under Article 100 of the Indian Constitution, what is the quorum requirement for a valid sitting of either House of Parliament?

Accepted Answer

Article 100(3) stipulates that the quorum for a sitting of either House of Parliament is one-tenth of the total number of members of that House. For Lok Sabha (545 members), quorum is 55; for Rajya Sabha (245 members), quorum is 25.

Question 4

Which Article of the Indian Constitution defines the composition and structure of Parliament?

Accepted Answer

Article 79 of the Indian Constitution defines Parliament as consisting of the President and two Houses — the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). This is the foundational article establishing Parliament's bicameral structure.

Question 5

Which article of the Indian Constitution establishes the procedure for removal of the President of India?

Accepted Answer

Article 61 of the Indian Constitution prescribes the procedure for impeachment and removal of the President. The article states that the President shall not be removed from office except by impeachment for violation of the Constitution in the manner prescribed in Article 61. The process requires a charge to be preferred by either House of Parliament, investigation, and a two-thirds majority vote in both Houses. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 6

Under Article 110 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Money Bill?

Accepted Answer

Article 110 defines a Money Bill as a bill that contains only provisions dealing with taxation, borrowing, custody of public money, appropriation from the Consolidated Fund, or other financial matters. A Money Bill MUST be introduced in the Lok Sabha only (not Rajya Sabha), and the Speaker's certification is required. A Money Bill does NOT require the President's assent before being passed by Parliament — this is incorrect. All Money Bills require presidential assent like any other bill. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding the composition of the Rajya Sabha is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Rajya Sabha has a maximum strength of 250 members as per Article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Of these, 238 members are elected by the State and Union Territory legislatures, and 12 members are nominated by the President from persons with special knowledge or experience in literature, science, art, and social service. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body with one-third of its members retiring every two years. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 8

Article 368 of the Indian Constitution deals with the amendment procedure. Which of the following requires ratification by the legislatures of at least half of the States?

Accepted Answer

Article 368 prescribes the amendment procedure for the Indian Constitution. Amendments affecting the federal structure, the powers of the States, or the representation of States in Parliament require ratification by the legislatures of at least half of the States in addition to passage by both Houses of Parliament with a two-thirds majority. This is a special safeguard for federalism. Therefore, the answer is D.

Question 9

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission?

Accepted Answer

Article 280 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission. The Finance Commission is constituted by the President every five years to make recommendations regarding the distribution of revenue between the Union and the States, and among the States themselves. It plays a crucial role in India's fiscal federalism. Therefore, the answer is A.

Question 10

Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the composition and structure of the Lok Sabha?

Accepted Answer

Article 81 of the Indian Constitution specifies the composition of the House of the People (Lok Sabha). It states that the Lok Sabha shall consist of members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, and members representing the Union Territories. The maximum strength is fixed at 552 members (530 from States + 20 from Union Territories + 2 Anglo-Indian members nominated by the President). Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 11

Under Article 102 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following is NOT a disqualification for membership of Parliament?

Accepted Answer

Article 102 lists the disqualifications for membership of either House of Parliament. These include: holding an office of profit under the Union or State government, being of unsound mind, being an undischarged insolvent, not being an Indian citizen, and acquiring citizenship of a foreign country. However, holding a degree from a foreign university is NOT a disqualification for Parliament membership. Therefore, the answer is D.

Question 12

Which article of the Indian Constitution defines the powers and procedure of the State Legislature?

Accepted Answer

Article 168 of the Indian Constitution defines the composition of the State Legislature. It provides that the Legislature of a State shall consist of the Governor and one or two Houses (Vidhan Sabha and optionally Vidhan Parishad). The article establishes the structural framework for State Legislatures, distinguishing between bicameral and unicameral legislatures. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 13

According to Article 105 of the Indian Constitution, members of Parliament enjoy which of the following privileges?

Accepted Answer

Article 105 grants members of Parliament freedom of speech in Parliament and protection from legal proceedings for statements made in Parliament. Specifically, Article 105(1) states that members shall not be liable to any proceedings in any court in respect of anything said or any vote given by them in Parliament or any committee thereof. Article 105(2) provides that no member shall be liable to any proceedings in any court for publication of any report, paper, votes, or proceedings of Parliament. However, members do NOT enjoy immunity from criminal prosecution outside Parliament. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 14

Which of the following amendments introduced the concept of 'Fundamental Duties' into the Indian Constitution?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 introduced Part IVA into the Indian Constitution, which codifies Fundamental Duties. These duties are listed in Article 51A and include duties such as respecting the Constitution, cherishing liberty, promoting harmony, and protecting the environment. The 42nd Amendment was passed during the Emergency period (1975-1977) and is also known as the 'Mini Constitution' due to its extensive changes. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 15

Under Article 368 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following amendments requires ratification by the legislatures of at least half of the States in addition to passage by both Houses of Parliament?

Accepted Answer

Article 368 prescribes the amendment procedure for the Indian Constitution. Clause (2) states that amendments affecting the federal structure, the powers of the States, or the representation of States in Parliament require ratification by the legislatures of at least half (50%) of the States. This is a special safeguard to protect federalism. For example, amendments to Articles 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 73, 162, 241, and 245 require such ratification. Regular amendments only require passage by a simple or special majority in both Houses, without State ratification. The 44th Amendment (1978) did not change this fundamental procedure.

Question 16

Which article of the Indian Constitution establishes the procedure for removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court, and what is the minimum number of members required to sign the petition for impeachment?

Accepted Answer

Article 124(4) of the Indian Constitution provides the procedure for removal of a Supreme Court Judge. The removal can be initiated only by a petition signed by at least 100 members of the Lok Sabha or 50 members of the Rajya Sabha. The petition must allege that the Judge is guilty of 'proved misbehaviour' or 'incapacity'. The charge is then investigated by a committee, and removal requires a two-thirds majority in both Houses. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 17

Under Article 368 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following amendments requires ratification by the legislatures of at least half of the States in addition to parliamentary approval?

Accepted Answer

Article 368(2) specifies that amendments affecting the federal structure, the powers of the Union and States, or the representation of States in Parliament require ratification by the legislatures of at least half of the States. This special procedure was introduced to protect the federal character of the Constitution. Amendments like those affecting Article 1 (territory of India), Article 4 (admission of new states), or the distribution of legislative powers between Union and States fall under this category. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 18

Article 82 of the Indian Constitution pertains to the delimitation of constituencies. Which of the following statements correctly describes the constitutional provision regarding delimitation?

Accepted Answer

Article 82 empowers Parliament to make laws for the delimitation of constituencies for the Lok Sabha. A delimitation commission is constituted after every census to redraw constituency boundaries based on population changes. The delimitation process ensures that constituencies are redrawn to reflect demographic shifts and maintain proportional representation. The most recent delimitation was based on the 2001 Census, and the next delimitation exercise will be based on the 2031 Census (as the 2021 Census delimitation was deferred). Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 19

The 101st Amendment to the Indian Constitution introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Which of the following correctly identifies the article inserted by this amendment that grants Parliament the power to levy GST?

Accepted Answer

The 101st Amendment (2016) inserted Article 246A into the Indian Constitution, which grants Parliament the concurrent power to levy GST. This article was inserted in Part XI (Relations between the Union and the States) and represents a significant shift in the tax structure by replacing multiple indirect taxes with a unified GST regime. Article 246A specifically allows Parliament to make laws with respect to the levy and collection of GST. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 20

Article 110 of the Indian Constitution defines a 'Money Bill'. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a Money Bill as per Article 110?

Accepted Answer

Article 110 defines a Money Bill as a bill that contains only provisions dealing with: (1) imposition, abolition, remission, alteration, or regulation of taxes; (2) borrowing of money or giving of guarantees by the Government; (3) custody of the Consolidated Fund or contingency fund; (4) appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund; (5) declaration of expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund; (6) audit of accounts of the Union or States; or (7) any matter incidental to the above. Importantly, a Money Bill CANNOT deal with the imposition of fines or penalties, or with the regulation of money-lending or insurance business (these are excluded). The Speaker of Lok Sabha certifies whether a bill is a Money Bill. A Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha can only make recommendations (not reject it). The 44th Amendment did not change the definition of Money Bills.

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