Question 1

Which of the following is NOT included in the Fundamental Duties as per Article 51A of the Indian Constitution?

Accepted Answer

Article 51A (inserted by the 42nd Amendment in 1976) lists 11 Fundamental Duties of citizens. These include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, protecting environment, and developing scientific temper. The right to education is a Fundamental Right (Article 21A), not a Fundamental Duty.

Question 2

Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution grants citizens the right to move the Supreme Court directly for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is often called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. The Supreme Court can issue writs including habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto.

Question 3

Under Article 16 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following is NOT a ground on which discrimination in public employment is prohibited?

Accepted Answer

Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment. It prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. However, it does NOT explicitly prohibit discrimination based on educational qualification, which is a legitimate criterion for employment.

Question 4

Which amendment to the Indian Constitution added Fundamental Duties as a new feature?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Amendment, passed in 1976 during the Emergency period, added Part IVA to the Constitution, introducing 10 Fundamental Duties (later increased to 11 by the 86th Amendment in 2002). This was a significant constitutional change that made duties enforceable by law.

Question 5

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution provides the right to constitutional remedies. Which of the following is NOT a remedy available under Article 32?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights. The five writs are: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto. Injunction is a remedy available under civil law but not specifically under Article 32 as a constitutional writ.

Question 6

Which of the following Fundamental Duties was added to the Indian Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 (during the Emergency period) added Part IVA to the Constitution, introducing Fundamental Duties in Article 51A. These duties include respecting the Constitution, cherishing values of freedom struggle, upholding sovereignty, and promoting harmony among citizens.

Question 7

Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of speech and expression, but this right is subject to reasonable restrictions. Which of the following is NOT a valid ground for restricting this freedom?

Accepted Answer

Article 19(2) allows reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation, and incitement to an offence. However, political criticism or opposition to government policies is NOT a valid ground for restriction.

Question 8

The 44th Amendment to the Indian Constitution (1978) is primarily remembered for:

Accepted Answer

The 44th Amendment (1978) was passed after the Emergency ended and is considered a corrective amendment. Its major provisions include: (1) Removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights (Article 19 and 31), making it only a legal right under Article 300A, (2) Restored the Lok Sabha term from 4 years back to 5 years, (3) Restored the power of courts to question constitutional amendments, (4) Removed the power of the President to declare Emergency on grounds of 'internal disturbances' (only 'national security' remains), and (5) Made it mandatory for the President to act on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

Question 9

Under which Article of the Indian Constitution is the Right to Education for children between 6–14 years guaranteed as a Fundamental Right?

Accepted Answer

Article 21A was inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, making free and compulsory education a Fundamental Right for children between the age of 6 to 14 years. It is placed under Part III of the Constitution.

Question 10

Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 of the Indian Constitution grants the right to move the Supreme Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights. It states: 'The right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by this Part is guaranteed.' This article is itself considered a fundamental right and is the constitutional basis for writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto. Article 226 provides a similar right to move High Courts for enforcement of fundamental rights and other legal rights.

Question 11

The 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution, passed in 1976, made significant changes to the Constitution. Which of the following was NOT a change introduced by the 42nd Amendment?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Amendment (1976) was passed during the Emergency and made major changes: (1) added Fundamental Duties (Article 51A), (2) changed 'sovereign democratic republic' to 'sovereign socialist secular democratic republic' in the Preamble, (3) reduced the term of Lok Sabha from 5 to 4 years (later reverted by 44th Amendment), (4) made constitutional amendments easier. However, it did NOT introduce the Right to Information as a fundamental right—RTI came later through the Right to Information Act, 2005.

Question 12

The 44th Amendment to the Indian Constitution (1978) made several important changes. Which of the following was a key provision of the 44th Amendment?

Accepted Answer

The 44th Amendment (1978) was passed after the Emergency to restore certain rights and limit government power. Key provisions included: (1) Removal of 'Right to Property' from Fundamental Rights (Article 19 and 31), converting it to a Constitutional Right (Article 300A), (2) Restoration of Lok Sabha term from 4 years back to 5 years, (3) Removal of 'internal disturbances' from grounds for declaring Emergency, (4) Abolition of detention without trial. The amendment significantly curtailed executive power.

Question 13

Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, introduced by the 42nd Amendment, lists Fundamental Duties. How many Fundamental Duties are currently listed in Article 51A?

Accepted Answer

Article 51A originally listed 10 Fundamental Duties when introduced by the 42nd Amendment in 1976. An 11th duty was added by the 86th Amendment in 2002, making it 11 duties in total. These duties include respecting the Constitution, promoting harmony, protecting public property, and developing scientific temper.

Question 14

In the landmark case Menoka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court expanded the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life) by holding that 'procedure established by law' must satisfy which constitutional principle?

Accepted Answer

In Menoka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court held that the 'procedure established by law' under Article 21 must be 'reasonable, fair, and just' and must satisfy the test of Article 14 (Equality before Law). This case expanded Article 21 from a narrow interpretation to include substantive due process.

Question 15

The Supreme Court in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) established the doctrine of 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution. Which of the following was NOT identified as part of the Basic Structure in this judgment?

Accepted Answer

In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973), the Supreme Court held that while Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution under Article 368, it cannot amend the 'Basic Structure' of the Constitution. The Basic Structure includes: (1) Supremacy of the Constitution, (2) Republican and Democratic form of government, (3) Secular character, (4) Separation of powers, (5) Federal structure, (6) Individual rights and freedoms, and (7) Judicial review. However, specific provisions like the number of Lok Sabha seats, the exact composition of the Cabinet, or specific tax rates are NOT part of the Basic Structure.

Question 16

Which of the following Fundamental Duties was added to Article 51A by the 86th Amendment in 2002, and what does it specifically require citizens to do?

Accepted Answer

The 86th Amendment (2002) added a new Fundamental Duty (now clause 11 of Article 51A) requiring parents and guardians to provide opportunities for education to children between 6-14 years of age. This amendment also made education a Fundamental Right under Article 21A.

Question 17

The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, removed the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights and reclassified it as a Constitutional Right under which article?

Accepted Answer

The 44th Amendment Act, 1978, deleted Article 31 (which guaranteed the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right) and replaced it with Article 300A, which guarantees the right to property as a Constitutional Right (not a Fundamental Right). This amendment was significant because it reduced the scope of judicial review for property-related laws and gave the state greater power to acquire or regulate property.

Question 18

Which article of the Indian Constitution was amended by the 42nd Amendment to include Fundamental Duties, and in which part of the Constitution are these duties codified?

Accepted Answer

The 42nd Amendment (1976) inserted Article 51A into the Constitution, which codifies Fundamental Duties in Part IVA. This amendment was passed during the Emergency and fundamentally altered the constitutional structure by adding duties alongside rights.

Question 19

Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which of the following writs can be issued by the Supreme Court to prevent an unlawful detention and secure the release of a person illegally imprisoned?

Accepted Answer

Article 32 grants the right to constitutional remedies and empowers the Supreme Court to issue five types of writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto. Habeas Corpus (Latin: 'you shall have the body') is specifically used to challenge unlawful detention and secure release. This is a Fundamental Right under Article 32(1).

Question 20

Which article of the Indian Constitution was inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, to include Fundamental Duties, and in which part of the Constitution are these duties codified?

Accepted Answer

Article 51A was inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, which added Part IVA to the Constitution. This article lists 11 Fundamental Duties (later expanded to 11 by the 86th Amendment in 2002, which added duty to provide education to children aged 6-14). Fundamental Duties are enforceable through law and are binding on all citizens.

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Fundamental Rights & Duties — Practice Questions

60-Second Revision — Fundamental Rights & Duties