SSC CGL President, VP & Governor

Elected Members of Lok Sabha 2. Elected Members of Rajya Sabha 3. Elected Members of all State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabhas) + Elected Members of Legislative Assemblies of Delhi and Puducherry (added by 70th Amendment, 1992) Nominated members DO NOT vote. This is a very important point

Vote Value of an MLA = (Total Population of State) divided by (Total Elected MLAs of State x 1000) Vote Value of an MP = (Total Vote Value of All MLAs of All States) divided by (Total Elected MPs of Parliament) QUALIFICATIONS (Article 58): - Must be a citizen of India - Must be at least 35 years old - Must be qualified to be a member of Lok Sabha - Must not hold any office of profit TERM: 5 years. Can be re-elected any number of times (no limit). Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected TWICE. IMPEACHMENT (Article 61): For violation of the Constitution. Both Houses of Parliament pass the resolution.

Requires 2/3rd majority of TOTAL membership of each House (not just present and voting). This is the only process where both Houses sit SEPARATELY but the process is unique — 14 days notice required. ARTICLE 52 — There shall be a President of India. ARTICLE 53 — Executive power of Union is vested in the President. ARTICLE 54 — Election of President. ARTICLE 60 — Oath of President. ARTICLE 72 — Pardoning Power of President (Reprieve, Respite, Remission, Commutation, Pardon)

- Can summon, prorogue Parliament and dissolve Lok Sabha - Appoints PM, Governors, CAG, CEC, CJI - Promulgates Ordinances under Article 123 when Parliament is not in session - Three types of Veto: Absolute Veto, Suspensive Veto, Pocket Veto - President has NO veto over Constitutional Amendment Bills --- VICE PRESIDENT OF INDIA --- ARTICLE 63 — There shall be a Vice President. ARTICLE 66 — Election of VP

Elected by BOTH Houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha) in a JOINT SITTING. Only elected MPs vote — NOT MLAs. This is different from Presidential election

Must be a citizen, 35 years old, qualified to be a member of RAJYA SABHA (not Lok Sabha — this is a trap!). TERM: 5 years. VP is the EX-OFFICIO Chairman of Rajya Sabha. When President is unable to perform duties, VP acts as President. --- GOVERNOR --- ARTICLE 153 — There shall be a Governor for each State. ARTICLE 155 — Governor is appointed by the PRESIDENT (not elected). ARTICLE 156 — Governor holds office during the PLEASURE of the President

Must be a citizen of India. Must be at least 35 years old. Must not be a member of either House of Parliament or State Legislature. Must not hold any office of profit. TERM: 5 years (but serves at President's pleasure, so can be removed earlier)

Pardoning power of Governor (cannot pardon death sentence — only President can do that under Article 72)

Article 213 (Governor can promulgate ordinances when State Legislature is not in session). ---

'President = Big election (MLAs + MPs)' and 'VP = Small election (Only MPs, Joint Sitting)'

Governor is NOT elected at all — directly appointed by President

President must qualify for Lok Sabha membership. VP must qualify for RAJYA SABHA membership. Governor has no such Parliament membership qualification. ---

Formula = Population divided by (Number of MLAs x 1000)

= 16,60,00,000 divided by (403 x 1000)

= 16,60,00,000 divided by 4,03,000

= approximately 412 (rounded off) Answer: Vote Value of each UP MLA = 412 This is the highest MLA vote value in India due to UP's large population. --- WORKED EXAMPLE 2 --- Question: Which of the following can the Governor NOT do that the President can? (a) Promulgate Ordinance (b) Pardon death sentence (c) Appoint CM (d) Return a Bill

Governor has ordinance power under Article 213 — so (a) is possible for Governor.

Governor appoints CM of State — so (c) is possible.

Governor can return a Bill (except Money Bill) — so (d) is possible.

Governor CANNOT pardon death sentence. Only the President can pardon death sentence under Article 72. Answer: (b) Pardon death sentence — CORRECT ANSWER ---