Question 1

Which gland in the human body is responsible for producing insulin?

Accepted Answer

The pancreas is the gland that produces insulin. Specifically, insulin is produced by beta cells (β-cells) located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Question 2

The human skeleton is primarily composed of which mineral that provides strength and rigidity to bones?

Accepted Answer

Calcium phosphate (in the form of hydroxyapatite) is the primary mineral component of bone that provides strength and rigidity. Calcium comprises approximately 99% of the body's total calcium, with 99% of that stored in bones and teeth. Collagen provides flexibility, while minerals provide hardness.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart chambers?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows through the heart in the following sequence: deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava → flows to the right ventricle → pumped to the lungs via the pulmonary artery → oxygenated blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary vein → enters the left atrium → flows to the left ventricle → pumped to the body via the aorta.

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary function of hemoglobin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body. It also carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

Question 5

Vitamin D is primarily synthesized in the human body when skin is exposed to which type of radiation?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. This is why vitamin D is often called the 'sunshine vitamin.' UVB converts 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin to previtamin D3, which is then converted to active vitamin D.

Question 6

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin C in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Scurvy is a disease caused by prolonged deficiency of Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to weakened connective tissues, bleeding gums, and poor wound healing.

Question 7

Which vitamin is synthesized by the human body when skin is exposed to sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight. This vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the human heart?

Accepted Answer

The blood flows through the heart in a specific sequence: deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → oxygenated blood returns via pulmonary veins → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body.

Question 9

The hormone insulin is produced by which gland/organ in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells (β-cells) located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas. It regulates blood glucose levels.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct function of hemoglobin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body, and also carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas (specifically in the islets of Langerhans). It plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism by facilitating the entry of glucose into muscle and fat cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. This is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing hyperglycemia.

Question 12

The human respiratory system exchanges gases through the alveoli in the lungs. What is the approximate total surface area available for gas exchange in the alveoli of both lungs combined?

Accepted Answer

The alveoli provide an enormous surface area for gas exchange. The combined surface area of all alveoli in both lungs is approximately 70 square meters (m²) in adults, which is roughly equivalent to the area of a tennis court or a small apartment.

Question 13

The human heart is divided into four chambers. Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?

Accepted Answer

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins (two from each lung). This blood is then pumped into the left ventricle, which distributes it to the body via the aorta.

Question 14

Which of the following hormones is produced by the pancreas and plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. It lowers blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue and stimulating glycogen synthesis in the liver.

Question 15

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is essential for the synthesis of red blood cells and maintenance of the nervous system. Which of the following is the primary dietary source of Vitamin B12?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is naturally found almost exclusively in animal products. The primary dietary sources are meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, and fortified cereals. Plant sources do not naturally contain B12 unless fortified.

Question 16

The human skeleton serves multiple functions including support, protection of organs, and blood cell production. In which of the following bones does hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) primarily occur in adults?

Accepted Answer

In adults, hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the red bone marrow found in flat bones such as the sternum, ribs, pelvis, and vertebrae, as well as in the proximal epiphyses of long bones like the femur and humerus.

SSC MTS Biology — Human Body

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60-Second Revision — Biology — Human Body